BIBLE HRILHFIAHNA (EXEGESIS) KAIHHRUAINA

BIBLE HRILHFIAHNA (EXEGESIS) KAIHHRUAINA
H. Joseph Lalfakmawia

Bible hrilhfiah hi a harsa vak lo a ni ang, fiah leh ngaihnawm tak taka hrilhfiahna a tam a, hrilhfiahtu pawh kan tam khawp mai. Chutih laiin ‘hrilhfiah’ ve tawp hi a tawk hauh lo va, hrilhfiahna hi bul bal dika a innghah loh phei chuan a hlauhawm tih erawh kan hriat a ngai khawp mai. A zirna huangah chuan Bible châng, a chepa kaia chhuia hrilhfiahna hi exegesis an ti a, Greek tawng atang lak a ni (Gk. ἐξήγησις [exegesis] tih hi ἐξηγεῖσθαι [exêgesthai] tih atanga lo kal a ni a, la chhuak/hruai chhuak-'to lead out' tihna a ni). A bul bal atanga chhui chhuak tihna a ni ber ang. Hemi letling chiah hi a awm ve a, eisegesis an ti thung a, Greek tawng atang veka lak chhuah a ni a. Exegesis nena an inan lohna hi an kawh tum a lehlin thauhna a ni. Exegesis tiha ‘ex’ tih hi a sapṭawng chuan ‘from, out of’ tihna a ni a, a bul aṭanga ṭana chhui chhuak chho tihna a ni a, eisegesis tiha mi ‘eis’ tih hi ‘into’ tihna a ni a, ‘chhui lut’ tiin a dah theih thung ang. Chu chuan mahni ngaihdan kan neih sa (subjective interpretation) hmanga a bu hrilhfiah mil phet kan tumna, a bu chhung thuin a tum dan tak ni chuang si lo sawina hi a ni. Tum nei sa rana chumi mil tura Bible thu remchang zawn hmuh tumna ang hi a ni tihna a ni. Hei hi exegesis ziarang kalh hlauh a ni.

Bible hrilhfiah dik tur hian tih tur a tam khawp mai. Sermon atana hman nghal vek remchang dawn kher lo mah se a ṭul zual nia langte kan tarlang ang a, a remchan dan ang zelin entirna pek kan tum bawk dawn nia.

Bible châng, Thuthlung Hlui leh Thar huam ve vein, hrilhfiah dik tur chuan chik tak leh dilchhut taka chhui a ngai a, taimak leh dawh theih a ngai a ni. Hengte hi mathei lova hriat a ngai:

I. BACKGROUND
Bible hre fiah dik tur chuan Israel chanchin (history) kan hriat ngei ngei a ngai a. Bible hi chanchin indawt (history) ziahna bu ni kher lo mah sela Israel chanchin inla lawn leh a kaihhnawiha invaw vet vel a ni deuh ber mai. Israel chanchin hre chiang tur hian chhiar tur ṭha mizoṭawng lehkhabu pawh a awm ve nual tawh a. Sapṭawng bu rawn theite tan phei chuan lehkhabu ṭha, mithiam tak tak heng Gerhard von Rad, John Bright, Martin Noth, Emil Schurer, Joachim Jeremias leh mi dang tam tak ziak hmuh tur a awm a ni. Heng lehkhabu hmang hian Israel mite leh Bible-a kan hmuh hnam dang chanchin hi kan belh chian a angai a ni. An chanchinah chuan a hnuaia mite hi belhchian ngei ngei a ṭha bawk:

1) CULTURAL BACKGROUND:
Hebraiho/Judaho leh hnam dang reng reng hian mahni hnam dan kalphung an nei fir fer a. An thu vuakthlak leh inzirtirna pawh hei hian a nghawng thui hle. culture hrang hrang insu buai karah thu a tla zep nasa a. Chuvangin Judaho  culture leh hnam dangho culture te kha a theih ang anga hriat ni ta se a fiah leh zual ang. Greek ṭawng kha tunlaia sapṭawng kan hmang ang chiah hian khawvel pumah hman a ni a. Palestina ramah ngei pawh hman a ni. Isua hunlai vel bawr khan ram awptute chu Rome-ho an ni a, mahse Greek ṭawngin ro a la rel reng a ni. Rome-ho official ṭawng chu Latin a ni a, mahse official thilah chauh lo chuan Palestina ramah chuan Latin ṭawng chu hman a ni lo a ni awm e. Hetih lai hian Hebrai ṭawng hi an sakhaw lehkhabu ziahna ṭawng a nih avangin a la pawimawh reng tho va, mahse sawkhaw biakna atan hman a ni deuh ber. Aramaic hi Hebrai nen a inzul em em a. Hei hi ṭawng tual leng ber a ni. Greek leh Aramaic hi an hmang nasa ber. Isua khan a rawngbawlnaah khan Aramaic a hmang nia ngaih a ni. Mahse Thuthlung Thar chu Greek ṭawnga (Koine/Hellenistic Greek) ziah a ni ta vek a ni. A awmzia chu Isua thusawite chu lehlin (Aramaic aṭanga Greek) an ni tihna a ni ber ang. Hei vang hian thui leh zual ngaihtuah a ngai fo.

2) RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND
Judaho chu Pathian pakhat betute (monotheists) an ni a. Pathian pawh Sipaihote Lalpa an tihna chhan pakhat chu indo reng mai an ni a, indona chu mihring indona mai ni lovin pathian leh pathian indona a ni a. Pathian nei chak zawk chu indonaah an chak a, indonaa chak lo chu anmahni ni mai lovin an pathian pawh a chak lovah an ngai ṭhin. Chuvangin Pathian chu Sipaihote Lalpa a ni tlat a ni. Kha vang khan lal Nebukadnezzaran Jerusalem, Pathian khawpui leh a kulh bang a chhu chhia a, temple a suasam ta mai kha anmahni an tlawm mai ni lovin Pathian nung awmna, chhe lo tura an ngaih a chhe ta khan a vaw hle a ni. Mahse an sal tanna hmunah (Babulon) pawh chuan Pathian an theihnghilh lo va. Temple aṭang chuahva biak tur emaw an tih laiin loh theih lohnain a ur thluk avangin Pathian biakna hmun an dinchhuak ta a, synagogue a lo piang ta a ni. Judaho khan Pathian hnam thlan bik niin an ingai nghet hmiah a. Thlan pawh an ni reng a. Mahse thlan an nihna chhan phawk chhuak zo lovin eng an chhit tur chu an timit ta zawk a, hnam dang (gentel) tana enna ni tur si khan thlan ve loh, hnam bawlhhlawh, Pathian hnawlah an ngai ta zawk a.

An sakhua chu puithiam lalber hruaina hnuaiah a kal a. Serh leh sang an dah sang em em a. Zawm loh chu sual lian takah an ngai a. Sakhaw serh leh sang zawm dik thu-ah pawh duh fir zual, entir nan Pharisaite leh midang tam tak an chhuak a. A châng phei chuan Pathian thu chah aiin serh leh sang an ngaipawimawh zawk hial ṭhin a. Hei tak hi Isuan a hauh ṭhinna chhan a ni fo. Hetiang vel intawk sir chho reng hi a ni a. Bible mite sakhua leh an biak dan hriat thiamna hian Bible changa sakhaw thu-ah hriat fiah dikna min pe thei a ni.

3) SOCIAL BACKGROUND
Bible mite nitin khawsak dan leh an nundan phung hriat chian a ngai bawk. Dik an tih te, sual an tih te, mawi an tih te, an ei leh in te, silh leh fen te hi sawi lan a ni fo ṭhin. Chutianga zirtirna an pekte pawh a hunlai mil a ni ve fo thei bawk. Thuthlung Thar hunlai vel bawr kha han thlir ta ila. Rome ram zau leh ropui tak maiah chuan inthliarna a nasa ve hle mai a. Hausa leh rethei inkar a zauvin inrahbehna pawh a tam ve hle mai. Hei hi Thuthlung Hlui lamah pawh a tam, Zawlnei Amosa hunlai pawhin kan hmuh kha. Pharisaiho ngaihdan phei chuan Chhiahkhawntute leh nawhchizuarte kha ngaihdam theih loh/sim thei lo misuala ngaih an ni a, berampute pawh khawsakah an chen beh ni mai lovin Sabbath dan zawm lovah ngaih an ni. Heng hi an sakhua leh khawtlang nuna thil bet tlat a ni a. Judaho khawtlang nun hi mizo history and deuhvin mipa rorelna (patriarchal society) a ni a. Hmeichhia an dah hnuaiin mihringah an chhiar lo em maw ni a tih theih deuh thaw mai; Thuthlung Hlui hunlai phei chuan bungrua ang deuh chauh an ni. Isuan mipui sang nga (5000) a hrai pawhin mipa chauh chhiar an ni a; synagogue din thei tur pawhin Juda mipa (puitling) 10 an awm chuan, tih a ni mai, hmeichhia an chhiar tel lo. Heng ngaihdan leh pawmdante hi a hunlai mil zel a ni. Heng hi tun hunah hian tih ve ngei ngei tura ngaih tur a ni lo vang, a hunlai mite nun phung a ni miau va. Heng hi kan hriat ṭhelh a thiang lo a ni.

4) POLITICAL BACKGROUND
Israel chanchin kan thlir chuan lal an neih pawh khan dictator ang ngawt chuan an nung thiang lo a ni. Pathian rorelna (theocracy) an ni a. Chuvangin an lal pawh hriak an ni kher ṭhin a ni. Lal an neih fuh leh fuh lohvah an khawtlang nun chu a innghat lian hle mai a. Zawlnei Isaian ‘Maka, Remruattua...’ tia Messia a puan pawh kha Messia mak turzia sawina ber pawh ni lovin chu Messia lo kal tura chu Remruattu thiam tak, rorel thiam (wonderful counsellor) a ni mah zawk a. An lalte khan Lal Davida ai an awh zo lo chho em em mai a. Chuvangin Davida ang lal kha an ngai em em a. Chutih naka laiin ram dang miin an awp chho deuh ngar ngar a ni ta mai a. Assyria te, Babulon te, Persia te, Greek te, Rome lalramte chuan an awp chho ta zel mai a ni. Hei hi Messia an nghahhlehna chhan pawh a ni. Messia chuan anmahni awpbettute lak aṭangin a chhanchhuak dawn a ni. Messia chungchâng hian Bible-ah hmun a luah tam hle a. Messia ziarang leh an ngahdan hre tur chuan Thuthlung Hlui politics vir chho vel hi hriat a ngai a ni.

Greek-ho hunlai khan, a bik takin Aigupta ram lamah (Alexandria) an culture khan judaho a chiah hnehin an ṭawng theihnghilh ṭhak khawpin an awm a. An Bible pawh Greek ṭawnga lehlin hial a ngai a, Greek ṭawng Bible, Septuagint a lo piang ta a ni (BCE 250 vel). Greek lalho hun hnuhnung lam (BCE 170 hnu lam) chanchinah phei chuan Palestina Judaho an dazat ṭan hle mai a. Makabia indona lo chhuakin politics a buai hle a. Hetih hunlai hian Greek culture-in Judaho a run nasa em em a. Duh firho (Hassidim, Essenes, Pharisai) lo chhuahna bul pawh hetih hunlai vel hi a ni.

Rome sawrkar hnuaia rorelna leh inawp dan chuan Thuthlung Thar a chiah hneh hle bawk. Rome lal ropui tak Kaisara Augusta rorelna ropui tak avanga remna (Pax Romana-27 BC-180 AD vel) lo awm ta khan chanchin ṭha theh darhna kawngah nasa takin hun remchang a siam a. Rome rorelna hnuaiah chuan, anmahni sakhua vawrh lar tum bawk mah sela, eng sakhua pawh a pianna ramah chuan zalen taka vawn phal a ni a. Juda sakhaw vuantute hovin Kristiante an huat takah chuan Kristianna chu dodal a ni chho ta a. Tihduhdahnate pawh nasa tak an tuar chho ta a ni. Hetiang hian politics inlumlet hian thil tam tak a thlen a. Isuan chhiah pek chungchâng a sawi te, Paulan, “Mi tin an chunga roreltute thu thuin awm rawh se,” (Rom. 13:1) a tihte pawh Rome rorelna che vel leh a hunlai boruak tilangtute an ni thei. An hunlaia an nihdan hi kan hriat a ṭul a ni. Kan vawiin thu leh Bible châng kan sawi zawm dawn chuan a hunlai politics dinhmun kha kan hriat thiam ṭhin a ngai a ni.

5) ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
Bible-ah hian hausa leh rethei inkar zauzia leh retheiten an tawrh nasatzia kan hmu nasa em em a ni. Retheite rapbetin mihausaten nuam an tawl a tih theih hawt ang chu. Agriculture kha an ei zawnna bul ber a ni a. Isua hunlai vel khan Palestina ramah chuan mipui 90% vel kha agriculture lama innghat an ni. Ram zau tak nei kha an tam lo va. Mi ram enkawl hawh (tenants) leh nitin ei chawp zawng an tam em em a ni. Rome sawrkara chhiah an chhun luh bawk avangin an tuar nasa hle a. Lo neituten an thar chhuah 40% vel chu chhiah leh an sakhaw biak nan an seng ral anga chhut a ni bawk. Hetih lai hian mihausate chuan nuam an chen a ni ber. Chuvangin Isua thu hril leh Lehkhathawn lamah pawh Pathian chu mirethei lam ṭang a nihzia an uar em em a ni. Isua tehkhin thu-ah pawh khan a lang a; mihausa leh Lazara kha an pian thar leh thar loh te, an sual an ṭhat te ziah a ni lo. Mahse Lazara kha a thi a, Vanramah a kal a; mihausa chu a thi ve leh a, meidilah a kal ta thung a. An sual an fel ziahlan a ni hran lo. Isuan mihausa Pathian ram luh aiin sanghawngsei hriau benga luh tlang a awlsam zawk ang a ti bawk. Bible-a mihausa leh rethei chungchangah Pathian chu mirethei lam ṭanga mihausate hawtu anga a lang nasa em em pawh hi an economic dinhmun aṭanga thlir chuan hriat thiam a harsa lo.

II. A ZIAKTU
kan Bible châng kan hrilhfiah tur bu chu tunge a ziaktu, tih hi hriat sa reng angin lang mah se ngaihthah theih a ni lo. Entîrna pakhat han tar lang ila: ‘Chanchin Ṭha Matthaia’ hi tunge a ziaktu? A ziaktu hi Matthaia a ni tih hi CE (AD) 125 vela an hmehbel chauh a ni.[1] Hieropolis khaw bishop Papias-an he Chanchin Ṭha bu hi Matthaia ziak niin a sawi. Juda Kristian a nia rin a ni a, Juda Kristiante tana ziah ni ngei bawkin a lang. Chik taka kan chhiar chuan an culture (mipa rorelna) ziarang a lang thei a, Judaho ngaihdan kalphung pangngai, Thuthlung Hlui lama zawlneite thupuan lawk (prophecy) thlen famkimna lam a sawi uar hle. A ziaktu a zirin an thu uardan leh an ṭawngkamte hrilhfiah fuh a awl bîk hle bawk.

III. A ZIAH HUN
Bible-a lehkhabu/Lehkhathawnte ziah hun hriat hi ṭangkai tak a ni bawk. Thuthlung Thar bu kan en chuan Chanchin Ṭha bute an tlar hmasa a, a hnung lamah Lehkhathawn an awm thung. Heng lehkhathawnte hi an upat dan indawta rem a ni chuang lo va. Chanchin Ṭha bute zinga a hmasa bera ngaih Marka ziak (60-75 CE) meuh pawh hi Paula Lehkhathawn hnuhnung ber ai pawhin a tlai zawk a ni tih thu-ah hian mithiamte len tlak a rual hle. lehkhabu ziah hun hriat a pawimawh em emna pakhat chu entîrna nen han sawi ila: rinna leh thil tih chungchângah hian a lang chiang viau awm e. Paula hian rinna avanga thiam channa lam thu Rom Lehkhathawnah te, Ephesi Lehkhathawnah te a lang a. Mahse Jakoba Lehkhathawn lamah chuan rinna chu thiltih tel lo chuan thi a ni tih uar taka sawi a ni. Mi ṭhenkhat, Paula lehkhathawn (Rom: 57 CE vel leh Ephesi: 60 CE vel) aia Jakoba Lehkhathawn hmasa zawka ngai an awm a. Amaherawhchu tunge he Jakoba hi, tih zawhna chhang tur hian Thuthlung Thar bu chhunga a ziaktu ni thei awm Jakoba hming lo lang zir chian a ngai ta a. TT (Thuthlung Thar) buah hian Jakoba tia koh hi mi 5 zet an awm a:

1) Alfaia fapa Jakoba (Mk. 3:18||)

2) Isua nu ni lo Mari fapa Jakoba (Mk. 15:40||; Mk. 16:1)

3) Isua zirtir Thaddaia pa, Jakoba (Lk. 6:16)

4) Zebedaia fapa Jakoba (Mk. 1:19; 3:17||; Tirh. 12:2);

5) Isua unaupa Jakoba (Mk. 6:3||; 1 Kor. 15:7) te.
Heng Jakoba hming pute zinga mi 1, 2, 3 te hi an hming a rawn lang tih lohvah chuan an chanchin hriat zui tur a awm lo hle mai a. 4na, Zebedaia fapa Jakoba (Isua zirtir) lah hi CE 44-na velah khan a martar der tawh mai a. Chuvangin he Lehkhathawn hi ama ziah ni theiin a lang lo a ni. Chuvangin Isua unaupa Jakoba, kohhran hruaitu lu ni chho ta kha ni thei awm ber chu a ni ta a. He Jakoba pawh hi CE 62na velah khan a martar leh ta a. Chuti a nih chuan chu Lehkhathawn chu CE 62na hmaa ziah a ni ngei dawn tihna a ni thei a. RINNA leh THIL TIH TEL LOVA RINNA tih thu hi Paula leh Jakoba hian an sawidan a inang thlarh ta lo deuh va. Paula hian a ziak hnuhnung zawk a nih chuan an thu vuak thlak a inang lo viau tihna a ni thei ang a; Jakoba hian a ziak hnuhnung zawk a nih chuan Paulan rinna avanga thiam channa sawi kha la kawi an awm ang a, kohhran ding tirah a taka thil tih lam hmu hniama rinna lam (thu chauh) kal vawngpui an awm a ni ang tiin a hunlaia zirtirna kal peng hnu hma a hmuh theih thung ang. Chu zirtirna lo pel he ta hret chu siam ṭhain Jakoba chuan heti lam hawizawng hian a kalpui ta a ni ang. He ngaihdan hi a pawmawm zawk bawk.

A dang pakhat han thur chhuak leh ta ila. Matthaia ziakah chuan (Isua pian thu-ah) Josefa a langsar zat zat a. Mari chu a ri meuh lo. Vantirhkoh pawh Josefa hnena langin mipa lalna khawtlang nung (patriarchal society) ziarang a lang a. Luka ziak lamah thung chuan Mari kal tlang deuh veka engkim kha kal a ni thung. A ziaktute hian sawi tum leh kalhmang zui bîk an nei a. An ziahlai hun leh hmun dinhmun an tilang thei a ni. Hei tak hi hrilhfiahna chungchângah pawh a ziaktu leh a hun hriat fiah a pawimawhna chu a ni.

IV. TUTE TANA ZIAH NGE
Chanchin Ṭha bu palite hi Isua pian leh seilen thu te, a rawngbawlna leh a tawrhna leh a zirtirna chi hrang hrang ziahna bu an ni a. Chutiang lam ṭheuh si chu inan vek awm tak; a nih loh vek leh chutiang lam vek si mi hrang hrangin ziak duat lova bu khat chu rin tlan vek awm tak tiin a ngaihtuah theih awm e. Mahse hriat ngei ngai pakhat a awm: Chanchin Ṭha ziaktute hian Bible ziah an tum avanga ziak an ni lo va. Kohhran a lo darh zau zel takah chuan Jerusalem, Judai ram leh a pawn lam, Palestina ram pawn thlengin a lo darh zau ta zel a. Isua chanchin leh a rawngbawlna leh a thiha a thawh leh dan te, ringtute hriat ngei awm chi chu chiang leh zuala hriat an mamawh a, ziak awm tak an nih avangin an ziak a. Chu chu an thawn chhuak ta a ni. Hmun hran hrana ringtute chuan a englai ber hi nge an mamawh ber tih leh engti hawi zawnga ziah tur nge tih hi Chanchin Ṭha ziaktute hian an ngaipawimawh em em a. An thu ziak lo chhiartute mamawhdan ang zelin leh an sukthlek ang zelin an her rem hret ṭheuh niin a lang. Chuvangin Chanchin Ṭha bu palite pawh hi inzul thuak vek mah se danglamna an nei ṭheuh bawk a ni. Entîrna pakhat han siam leh ila: Isua pian thu hi Matthaia leh Luka ziakah chauh a lang a. Marka leh Johana hian pawimawh an ti ve lo em ni ang? Hei hi chhanna dik a ni kher lo vang. Marka chuan Chanchin Ṭha bu a ziah khan a ziahsakate khan Isua pian leh murna lam hi chu an hriat chian tawh sa niin chu lam chu ziah belhchhah ngai vakin a ring lo va, a ziak tel ta lo mai zawk a ni ang. A dang han thai lang leh ila: Matthaia, Marka leh Luka (Synoptic Gospel) ziakah hian Isuan ‘thil mak’ (miracles) a ti hnem hle mai. Johana ziak lamah chuan hengte hi ‘miracle’ tih an ni ve lo; ‘chhinchhiahna’ (sign) a ti zawk. Kha’ng thil makte kha an makna ringawt kha Johana uar duhzawng a ni lo va, Isua chu Messia, Pathian Fapa a nihzia tarlan a duh a, a thiltihte pawh chu a makzawng ringawta sawi lovin Messia, Pathian Fapa a nihzia tihfiah nan khatiang thil ropuite kha a ti zawk a ni, tih hi Johana sawidan chu a ni. Hei hi Johanan a thuziah chhiar tura a tihte tana ṭangkai tur chu a ni zawk.

V. ZIAH CHHAN
Kan sawi tawh angin Chanchin Ṭha bu te, Lekhathawn te leh lehkhabu dangte hi chhan nei veka ziak an ni. A bîk takin Lehkhathawn lam hi lo thlur bing ta ila. Paula lehkhathawn hi 13 ngawt Thuthlung Tharah hian a awm a. Paula hian Bible ziah tumin thu a phuah chhuak ta a ni lo va. Ani hi gentelte tirhkoh inti ngat a ni a. Chanchin ṭha hrilin a vak kual nasa hle tih kan hria. A zin kual hian a vak rawlai satliah mai mai lo va; kohhran a din kual nasa hle a ni. Heng a kohhran phunte hi a thlahthlam zui mai ma ngai lo. An chanchin a hriat zui dan azirin a ṭul ang zelin fuihna thu te, zilhna te, rinna kawnga tihsawtna te, thurin dik zawk te, nunkawng ṭha te, kal sualte kawng dik kawhhmuhna te leh an mamawh a piang sawia, vantlang inkhawm hmaa chhiar chhuah a, a ṭuldan ang zela hmun dangah pawh chhiar kual turin lehkha a thawn ṭhin a ni. Paula lehkhathawnte hi kan chhiar chuan a chunga kan sawi tak ang hian kohhran chhunga harsatna lo thlengte siam ṭha turin thu thlur bîk a nei ṭhin. A châng chuan mimal pawh a sawi bing ṭhin bawk. Kohhrana harsatna lo thlengte chu a hunlaia an tawh dan kan hriat thiam a pawimawh a. Engtin nge Paulan chu harsatna chu a sut, tih te leh tunlai boruak kan hmehbel thiam a pawimawh ṭhin khawp ang.

VI. TEXTUAL PROBLEM
Hei hi a sapṭawng lam hian (sapṭawng thiam tan chuan) a fiah nghal kuar a, mizoṭawng hian lehlin a harsa zawk hial awm mang e. Heta kan sawi tum chu Bible ziahna ṭawng bul lamah thu hmandan inang lo a lo awmin hei hi thil pawimawh tak a lo ni ta tih hi a ni. Hemi tifiah tur hian Thuthlung Thar lam lo thlur bing leh ta ila. Thuthlung Thar bu hi Greek ṭawnga ziak a ni kan tih tawh kha hre reng ila. Tunah hian kut ziak bu Bible bu pum leh pum lo, a ṭhente phei chu te nawi tak takte (rairuang hmanga lehkha siam a nih avangin a keh chhe them tawh tam tak a awm a) pawh telin, 5338 zet a awm a. Heng bu 5338-te hi inang zik tluak thlarh pakhat mah a awm lo bawk.[2] Uar taka sawi ngai chu heng kut ziak buah te hian a tira ziaktu (entir nan Matthaia, Luka, Paula) dik takte ziah (original) pakhat mah hmuh theihin a awm tawh lo va, ziahchhawn (copy) chauh an ni vek tawh a ni.

Kut ziak but chu chi thumin a then leh theih a:
1) Rairuang phek (Papyri a ni a, a lam tawi ‘P’ tiin an ziak thin): Hei hi rairuang (papyrus) hmanga siam a ni a, thu ziah nan a hman theih. Hetiang hi an hmanna a rei tawh hle a, BC zabi 6na hun lai atang khan an hmang tawh. Phek khat hi a tlangpuiin 13-19 inches a ni. Hetiang rairuang phek hi lehkhabu zial ang atan leh tunlai lehkhabu anga keu theih ang chi ziah nan pawh an hmang \hin. Phek tawn tawnin an ziak ngai lova, a phek hma lam chauh an hmang tlangpui. Thuthlung thar ziah an hmuhchhuahte hi CE (AD kan tih hi) zabi 2na atanga 8-na inkara ziah an ni tlangpui.

2) Hawrawppui bute (Uncials): Hetiang chi hi an upa viau a ni kan tih tawh kha. Kum CE zabi 3na atanga 9na inkara ziah an ni. Greek thutlung thar kan neih bu kim hi he uncial-ah hian a awm kim vek.
Hawrawppui bu hi za thum (300) vel zet a awm a, a pawimawh leh chhuanawm zualte chu hengte hi an ni:

a) Codex Vaticanus: Hei hi CE zabi 4-na laihawl vela ziah a ni a, Thuthlung Thar bu tawp lam a kim lo.

b) Codex Sinaiticus:  Hei pawh hi CE zabi 4-na laihawl vela mi tho a ni a, Thuthlung Thar bu pumpui a kim vek a, bu hnih dang: Barnabas tih leh The Shepherd of Hermas tih pawh a tel bawk.

c) Codex Alexandrinus: Hei hi CE zabi 5-na vela ziah a ni a, Thuthlung Thar bu kim leh 1 and 2 Clement leh the Psalms of Solomon bute a tel.

d) Codex Bezae: Hei pawh hi CE zabi 5-na vela ziah a ni a, Matthaia, Johana, Luka, Marka, 3 Johana leh Tirhkohte Thiltih bute chauh a ni thung. Latin leh Greek tawnga ziah a ni bawk.

3) Hawrawp te bu: Kan sawi tawh angin hawrawp te bu hi chu a tlai deuh va, CE zabi 9-na lama chhuak chauh a ni. Hetiang hawrawp te kutziak bu hi 2900 vel zet a awm.

Tichuan tuna kan sawi tum ber chu, Bible hi, mizoṭawng buah chauh ni lovin, a sapṭawng buah mai pawh la ni chuang lovin, a ṭawng bulah ngei pawh bung leh châng thuhmun reng si kha ziahdan a lo dang zeuh nual tihna a nih chu. Hei hi mizoṭawng Bible lamah pawh phek hnuai lamah hian ziah belhna (marginal note) a awm ṭhin a (entir nan Luka 17:36 thu kha-O.V. Reference-*Kutziak bu ṭhenkhatah chuan châng 36 thu, “Mi pahnih lovah an awm ang a, pakhat chu kal bopuiin a awm ang a, pakhat chu hnutchhiahin a awm ang,” hi a chuang). Hei hi a awmzia chu kutziak bu hlui tak tak heng P75 (papyrus number 75-CE zabi 3na hmalama ziak) te, Codex Sinaiticus te, Codex Vaticanus te, Codex Alexandrinus te (leh kutziak bu ṭhenkhat dang te L, W, Δ,Θ,Ψ)hian châng 36-na hi an ziak tel lo tlat mai a. mahse kutziak bu hlui vek Codex Bezae hi chuan a ziak tel tlat si a ni. He thu buai hi hetah hian (a mizoṭawng Bible-ah pawh) sawi lan a ni tihna a ni. Mizo Study Bible lo chhuak tharah khan a chiang leh zual awm e. Hetiang te, kutziak bu hrang hranga awm tho si, mahse an hmandan inang chiah si lo (thumal hran hman) a awm nual a. Hetiang hi harsatna awl ai lo tak, a Thlarau ram lamah erawh pawimawh ber ni chuang kher lo, mahse thil nihna dik tak ni si a ni tlat a. English Bible lam, entir nan New Revised Standard Version lamah chuan phek kil sir hnuai lam ding lamah hian (marginal note) a inziak ṭhin a ni. Kan Bible châng hrilhfiah turah khan hetiang hi a lo awm em tih bih chian a ngai ve fo a ni.

Hei vang hian duhthusamah chuan duh tui deuh ila tiin inchah nawn a ṭha ang. Sapṭawng Bible hmang thei tan chuan kan Bible châng hrilhfiah tur kha Mizoṭawng Bible chauh rawn lovin a sapṭawng Bible lam pawh rawn ni ngei se. Duhthusamah phei chuan, hrilhfiahna rintlak tak meuh ni tur chuan, sapṭawng Bible rintlak tak pathum tal rawn ni se a ṭha ber. Heng King James Version (KJV) te, New American Standard Bible (NASB) te, New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) te, New International Version (NIV) te, New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) te hi an rintlak khawp mai. Sapṭawng Bible kan rawnte chu kan khaikhin ang a, thu pawimawh tham deuhvah an lehlindan a inan loh phei chuan fimkhur a ngai hle tihna a ni a. Chutiang dinhmunah chuan a theih hram chuan ṭawng bul lam thiamte rawn ngei a ṭha.

VII. GRAMMAR HRIAT DIK:
Ṭawng tin hian grammar kalphung kan nei ṭheuh va. Heta pawimawh hmasa tak mai chu Bible ziahna ṭawng (Hebrai leh Greek) grammar hriat dik a ni. Mahse hei hi chu hna hautak zet mai a ni a. He dan hmang tur hi chuan Bible hrilhfiahna bu ṭha deuh rawn a ṭul ang. A ti theite tan chuan hei hi pumpelh loh hram a ṭha khawp mai, a chhan chu hei hian thu pawimawh leh thu pawi tak thlengin a khawih thei a ni. Kohhran thurin leh kalphung danglamna thlenga nghawng pha a ni tlat mai.

Hetah hi chuan entîrna pakhat aia tam hman a ngai dawn a ni. Sawi tur tam tak a awm a, mahse tlem te chauh tar lang phawt ila:

1) Luka 22:19 “mi hriat reng nan hei hi ti thin rawh u” (Do this in remembrance of me) tih thua ‘ti ṭhin rawh u’ (do this) tih hi a grammar dan chuan present tense, active voice, imperative mood a ni a, tih chhun zawm tura thupek (continue to do this) a ni a, ngenna pawh a ni lo, thupek (command) a ni. Mahse hei hi hriat thiam dan a inang lo va, tih chhunzawm zel tur a nihna hre lo pawh a awm theih a ni. He thu kan hriat chian theihna ber chu grammar dan aṭang chauhvin a ni.

2) Baptisma chungchâng hi thu buaithlak tak a ni bawk. Hnim phum (immersion) leh theh/thlawr (sprinkling) thu-ah hian a buaithlak tlat bawk a. Tirh. 8:39 thua Philip-an Ethiopia mi tilreh luia a baptis khan tui aṭangin an lo chhuak a. Tui aṭanga lo chhuak sawina tan hian Greek ṭawnga εκ/εξ (ek/eks) hman a ni a, hei hi ‘a chhung aṭanga lo chhuak’ (from/out of) sawina a ni tlat mai a, tui aṭanga lo chhuak (out of water) tihna a ni tlat mai a. Hei hi an ṭanfung pakhat a ni ṭhin. Hei pawh hi a grammar kal phung aṭang chauhvin a hriat theih.

VIII. A HUAM ZAU DEUH CHHIAR TUR (LARGER CONTEXT):
Hei hi kan tih makmawh a ni. Bible châng tla hlanga (châng hnih khat chauh) innghah bur mai hi a him lo fo ṭhin. Kan thusawi/châng hrilhfiah kha châng hnih-khat chauh pawh a ni thei. Chuti a nih chuan châng dang kan chhiar duah duh lo thei bawk. Mahse mipui hriata kan chhiar tel lo a nih pawhin kan châng innghahna kha a chheh vel thu kan sawi lan tel hram a ṭha ang. Kan ziak a nih pawhin kan ti tho tur a ni. Bible châng hnih-khat kan hrilhfiah/sermon tur kha amah maia luhchilh nghal lovin a awmna paragraph emaw, a bung pumpui emaw, a ṭul dan angin kan chhiar (mipui hmaah kan chhiar ri lo a nih pawhin kan sawi lang tal tur a ni ang) tel ngei ngei tur a ni. Bible hi thu hlawm fel taka inṭhen thliah thliah a ni hlawm a. Bung khat chhunga ngei pawh hlawm fel taka ṭhen diat diat an ni ṭhin. Heng hlawm fel nelh nawlha ṭhen hi tum leh sawi bîk nei hlawm an ni fo. Hetiang tal hi a puma chhiar/ziah/bih ngun tur a ni.

Entîrna pakhat han pe ila. Matt 24:28-a "Khawiah pawh saruang awmna apiangah mulukawlhte pawh an awm khawm ang" tih hi zoram dung tluanin sermon lar leh ropui tak a ni a, hlaahte pawh an chawi nasa hle a ni. He châng bîk chauh hi thur chhuakin sa chu a thih fel hma chuan mulukawlhte pawhin an ei ngai lo va. An lo chang khiau a, an thih chianah an ei chauh ṭhin. Ringtute pawh hi kan thih hian midangte tan ei tur kan ni thei chauh va. Isua pawh a thih khan chhandamna a tleitla ta a ni, tiin mawi takin an sawi ṭhin. Mahse hei hi a huam zau zawk (larger context) kan chhiar ṭhin loh vang a ni. He thu hi Isua lo kal lehna chungchâng thu sawina daih a ni.

IX. THLUR BING LAI BÎK (IMMEDIATE CONTEXT)
hei hi a chunga mi kan bel hlarh hnua a kan hma chhawp a ni. Kan châng thur chhuah bîk khan eng nge sawi a tum, tih a ni. Eng nge thlur bing a rawn tum a, eng lam hawi nge he chângah hian kan hmuh tih kan bih chiang tawh ang.

X. A THU KALHMANG (FORM CRITICISM)
Hei hi ma thei lo va kan zawm a ngai bawk. Bible hi thu chheh (from/genre) hrang hrang infinkhawm a tih theih hial ang chu. Hla (poem) te, fakna hla (hymn, psalm) te, hrilhlawkna (prophecy) te, khuhhawnna (apocalypse) te, chanchin ziahna (history/narrative) te, thil mak lam thu (miracle story) te, tehkhinthu (parable) te, dan lam thu (legal) te leh chi hrang hrang a awm a. Hengte hi kalhmang hran ṭheuh nei an nih ang hian dan khat hmanga hrilhfiah ṭheuh chi a ni lo. Hei tak hi a hlauhawm em em a ni. Hmun tam takah hla (poem) kan hmu a. Hla an phuah hian a tlar hmasa leh a tlar hnuhnung inchhawn (parallelism) ang chi hi an uar hrep leh nghal. Hei hi hriat chian loh chuan hrilhfiah sual theih tak a ni. Entîrna pakhat lo pe leh ta ila:
Parallelism hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chu’ng zinga a pawimawh zualte chu Synonymous Parallelism, Antithetic Parallelism leh Synthetic Parallelism te an ni.[3]
Synonymous parallelism-ah chuan a tlar/châng hmasa zawka a sawi tawh kha ṭawngkam dang deuh, amaherawhchu awmze thuhmun chiah hmangin a sawi nawn leh ṭhin. A chunga Bible châng kan tarlan (Sam 103:10 leh Hab. 3:18) ang chi hi a ni; ṭawngkam hran, nimahsela awmze thuhmun sawina a ni.
Kan sualnate angin kan chungah a ti lo va,                                                                                              
Kan khawlohnate angin min thungrul hek lo. (Sam 103:10).
Antithetic Parallelism-ah chuan a hma ami letling chiah kha kan hmu a. Tlar/châng hmasaa mi kawp rem chiahin, nimahsela a kawlkalhzâwng (contrast) chiah khan hman a ni ve thung a. Entîr nan Thuf. 10:1 hi lo la chhuak leh ila:
Fapa fingin pa lawm a siam a,                                                                                                            
Fapa â erawh chu nu rihna ni.
Synthetic parallelism chu tlemin a zia a hrang deuh. A hmaa mite anga thu awmze thuhmun, ṭawngkam danga sawi nawnna emaw, a kalhzawng chiaha sawina emaw lam a ni lo va. Thu inzawm leh inhrul tak, amaherawhchu a thu hmasa chhanna emaw ni kher si lo hi a ni. Entîr nan Thuriltu 11:2 thu hi han en leh chhin ila:

Chan tûr pe la, mi pasarih, pariat hnênah,  
I hre si lo, lei chungah hian thil tha lo, lo tla tûr chu.
Hei hi Hebrai parallelism kal phung chu a ni a. Man chian a ngai hle a ni. Heng bâkah hian parallelism chi hrang hrang[4] a la awm cheu tho.

Hetiang parallelism (Synonymous parallelism) hi Bible châng hmun tam takah kan hmu a. A awmzia fiah taka hrilhfiah dik thei tur chuan Bible ziaktute (Hebrai leh Greek) ṭawng kalphung kan hriat a pawimawh hle a ni. Chumi hre uk si lova Mizoṭawng kalhmang pângngai ang ngiak ngiaka hrilhfiah kan tum mai chuan a ziaktute ziah leh sawi tum dan dik tak phawk chhuak zo tak tak lovin a ṭum tlâk zak theih a. Chumi ngaihthah duhna chu Bible sawidal tumna lian tak pakhat a niin, Bible thu chah a ngial a ngana pawm lohna thûk tak a ni.
Hemi zir chiang tur hian Luka 1:46, 47 (Mari fakna hla) hi lo bih chhin ila.

Tin, Marin, “Ka nun hian Lalpa a chawimawi e,
Ka thlarau pawh mi chhandamtu Pathian chungah a lâwm ta em em a.

Mari fak hla saka Lalpa chawimawitu leh Pathian chunga lawm em em hi nunna (psyche)  leh thlarau (pneuma) a ni a. He chângah hian heng thu pahnihte hi hman kawp a ni. He châng hi trichotomy ṭanfung Ṭha tak niin mithiamte pawhin a hre ṭhin. He chângah hian kan sawi tâk Synonymous parallelism­ ruangam kha hmun hnih laiah a lo lang reng mai a. ‘Chawimawi’ tih leh ‘lâwm’ tih hi Synonymous parallelism a ni a. Chutiang bawkin nunna leh thlarau tih pawh hi Synonymous parallelism a ni.[5] Lk. 1:46, 47-ah hian thumal hran (nunna leh thlarau) hman ni mah se Synonymous parallelism ziarâng kan sawi tawh ang khan mihring chhunga thil pahnih, nunna (soul) leh thlarau (spirit) sawi hranna a ni lova, a sawi ngai vêk sawi nawn lehna, Synonymous parallelism a ni zawk a ni. Nunna leh thlarau tia Marin a sawi hian ‘amah leh amah’ (self) a insawi mai a ni.[6]
Tehkhin thu chungchâng hi sawi leh lawk ang. Tehkhinthu Isuan a sawite hi an ṭangkaiin an ngaihnawm hlawm hle a. Mite pawhin an dawngsawng ṭha hle a ni ngei bawk ang. Tehkhinthu hi chi hrang hrangin hrilhfiah an lo tum tawh ṭhin a. Hei hi kohhran chanchina hman lai thil emaw kan ti liam ngawt thei lo vang, a chhan chu tunlai pawhin tehkhinthu hrilhfiahna chungchângah kan la inkal thelh nasa tlat a ni. Hetiang hian an lo ngai ṭhin a:

1) Entir nei veka hrilhfiahna (allegorical interpretation)
Kristianna a lo ngial ngheh chhoh va, kohhran hun hmasa lamah khan kohhran pate khan hei hi an uar viau. An ngaihdanah chuan tehkhinthua a englai mai pawh khan awmzia an nei vek a ni. Entirna langsar tak mai chu Samari mi ṭha kha a ni (Lk. 10:30-37). Mi pakhat kha Adama a ni a, Jerusalem tih kha vanram sawina a ni a; suamhmang kha setana a ni a, samari mi ṭha kha Isua Krista tihna a ni. Chutiang zelin eng kim mai kha awmzia an pe vek mai a ni.

2) Kawh tum pakhat chauh neia hrilhfiahna
Adolf Julicher-a (1888, 1899) khan tehkhinthu hrilhfiahna lamah khan rahbi pawimawh taka tuk a. Ani ngaihdan chuan a chunga kan sawi, entîr nei veka hrilhfiahna (allegorical) hi a dik lo va. Isua tehkhinthute hi awlsam leh mawl mang te te, mi naran tan pawha hriatthiam mai theih an ni a, hrilhfiah leh hran pawh an ngai chuang lo, a ti. Kawh tum pakhat chauh a nei ṭhin a, chumi sawifiah nan chuan khaikhinna/tehkhinna a hmang mai a ni a ti.
C. H. Dodd leh Joachim Jeremias-a te an rawn lar chho va. Anni hi mithiam chungchuang tak mai an ni a. 1935-1970 chhung khan nghawng an nei lian hle. Anni hi Julicher-a zirtirna khan a chiah hneh hle bawk. C. H. Dodd-a phei hi chu a châng phei chuan a kal na mah mah ve tho va. Khawvel buh seng thu kha ani ngaihdan chuan hun tawpa rorelna lo thleng tur sawina ni lovin Isua mihring mihrin laia a rawngbawlna sawina a ni, a ti.

Anni hnuah phei hi chuan tehkhinthu hi thil pakhat sawifiah nana tehkhin/khaikhin tur dang dah a ni a, ṭawngkam tinrengte hian awmze hran nei duah lovin tum pakhat a nei tlang ran a, chumi sawifiahna atana thawnthu inzep ve mai zawk a ni tih ngaihdan hi a lian hle.[7] Hei hi tunlaiah chuan mithiamte ngaihdan tlangpui a ni tawh a. Thil ni thei tak pawh a ni reng a ni. Mi ṭhenkhat chuan Luka 15 thua bo pathumte: Duli Bo, Beram Bo leh Fapa Tlan Bo chungchâng pawh hi allegorical interpretation hmang hian hrilhfiah an tum ṭhin a, Duli bova bo, Beram bova bo, titein an hrilhfiah ṭhin. Mahse hei hi a hunlai leh a ziaktute Khawvel ngaihtuah chuan an tum ber niin a lang lem lo.

XII. CHANG TIN HRILHFIAHNA:
hei hi chu kan tihdan tlangpui a ni a. Hemi chhungah hian hriat tur pawimawh tak a la awm leh a. Kan châng thlur bingah khan thumal/thu hlawm (phrase) pawimawh zual bîk a awm em tih kan zawn chhuah a ngai a ni. Thu ṭhenkhat hi chu pawimawh zual bîk, hrilhfiah kher ngai bîkte an ni fo ṭhin a. A ziaktuten hman tum bîk dan an nei em tih te, a hunlai mipui leh khawtlang dinhmun a pho lang thei em tih te, a hunlaia hman bîk ṭawngkam a ni em tih te leh zawn chhuah tur pawimawh tak a lo awm reng em tih zawn chhuah kawngah mit fim a ngai khawp mai.

XIII. ṬHAM KAWPNA
Kan Bible chang hrilhfiah tawh leh kan tunlai hun atana a ṭangkaina hi a thuchah pawimawh vawrtawp a rawn thlenna pawh a ni thei bawk. Bible chang hrilhfiahna kalphung pangngaiah chuan hei hi tih makmawh a ni kher lo nain ngaithlatu nei (thuhril) kan nih chuan hei hi a vawrtawp a ni thei thung. Hetah hi chuan thil pahnih: chhuk leh chho kan zawm a ni. Thuziak (Bible) kha a nihna dik thei ang berin kan chhawp chhuak tawh a. A hunlai khawvel leh thil nihphung kan sawi chiang tawh a. Chutiang chiah chuan kan sawina tur khawvel hi kan hriat chian a ngai leh tawh thung a ni. Hei hi kan tlachham a nih chuan kan hlawhchham leh tho vang. Kan thu ngaithla/chhiartute chu kan hre chiang tur a ni a. An sukthlek, an hriatthiam theihzawng leh an dinhmun pawimawh tak takte kan hriatsak a ngai a ni. Hemi tel lo chuan thuchah a la famkim thei chuang lo.

Endnote :
[1] J. H. Ropes, The Synoptic Gospels (1934), 103f., quoted  in Donald Guthrie, New Testament Introduction: The Gospels and Acts (London: The Tyndale Press, 1965), 31.
[2] Gordon D. Fee, “Textual Criticism of the New Testament,” in Eldon Jay Epp and Gordon D. Fee, Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1993), 3.
[3]  Adele Berlin, “Parallelism,” ABD.
[4] Chiastic Parallelism, Staircase Parallelism, Emblematic Parallelism, Janus Parallelism etc.
[5] John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary Volume 35a Luke 1–9:20.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Archibald. M. Hunter, Interpreting the Parables (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960), 13.

PRESBYTERIAAN THEOLOGY & WORSHIP KALPUI DAN TLANGPUI

PRESBYTERIAAN THEOLOGY & WORSHIP KALPUI DAN TLANGPUI
- Rev. Dr. H. Vanlalauva

Tun tum Didakhe Issue-a Presbyterian theology & worship kalphung tlangpui kan thlir ho tur hi Calvin-a Pathian thu kalpui dan leh Westminster Confession & Directory behchhana ziak a ni a. PCI dinhmun atanga thlirna pawh a ni thui hle bawk a. Presbyterian Pathian thu kalpui dan tlangpui kan thlir ho hmasa ang a, chumi hnuah Presbyterian Pathian biak dank an thlir zui nghal dawn a ni.

1. Presbyterian Theology:
Khawvel hmun hrang hranga Presbyterian Kohhran hote hian Calvin-a theology bakah Westminster thurin (Confession of Faith) hi thurin lamah innghahna leh inkaihhruaina atan kan hmang deuh bera. Chubakah Scot Confession te, Belgic Confession te, Second Helvestic Confession te, Heidelberg Catechism leh Dort Confession te pawh ngaih pawimawh a ni. India ram Presbyterian Kohhran (PCI) phei hi chuan Welsh Thurin hi innghahna atan kan hmang nasa hle bawk a ni.
Westminster leh Thurin chi hrang hrang kan sawilan takte khi a siamtu, a buatsaihtute hi John Calvin-a zirtirna ngaisangtu leh zuitute an ni deuh vek a. Calvin-a hi Kohhran siamthatna hmahruaitu zingah pawh theologian ropui bera ngaih a ni a, a lehkhabu Institutes of the Christian Religion phei chu Protestant thurin a chin chhuaka ziah chhuahna hmasa ber a ni. Calvin-a hi Luther-a ang bawka Bible thuneihna chawisangtu, rinna leh thiltih tehna dik lo thei loa pawmtu a ni a. Hei vang hian Calvin-a theology hi Biblical theology, Bible-a Pathian thu hrilhfiahna tiin an sawi nghe nghe thin a ni. Chutichuan, Presbyterian theology kan thlirho tur hi Calvin-a leh a zuituten Bible-a Pathian thu an hrilhfiah dan emaw, an kalpui dan emaw a ni deuh ber tih hi kan chhinchhiah a pawimawh ang. A hnuaia thupui hrang hrang kan then sawm zuiin lo luhchilh dawn ila.

a. Bible thuneihna (Authority of the Bible) :
Kan Kohhran thurin Number pakhatnaah ‘Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Thar Bute hi Pathian Thu a ni a, heng chauh hi rinna leh thiltih tehna diklo thei lo a ni’ tih a ni a1. He thu hi Bible thuneihna chawisanna leh tundin lehna thu puanchhuahna a ni. Bible thuneihna hi Kohhran siamthat hunlaia an buaipui berte zinga mi a ni a. Luthera leh Calvina te au hla ber pakhat a ni. Kohhran siamthat hun hma fe atang tawhin Bible thuneihna aiin Kohhran thuneihna hi dah chungnun zawk a ni a. Kohhran chu Lal Isuan Petera hnena vanram chabi a pek kawltu a nih avangin Bible-a Pathian thu hrilhfiah thei awm chhuna ngaih a ni a. Chubakah, Thuthlung Thar bute hi Bible-a telh tura Kohhranin a lakkhawm leh a pawm takte an ni bawk a. Hei vang hian Kohhran hi Bible aia awm hmasa zawk leh rinna kawngah pawh Bible aia thuneitu zawkah an lo ngai thin a ni.

Hetiang tak maia Bible aia Kohhran thuneihna chawisan hi Pathian thu kalh nia ngaiin, Kohhran siamthat hun lai khan nasa takin an dodal a. Tuna kan Bible-a bu 66 te chauh hi Pathian thawkkhuma pek nia pawmin, heng chauh hi ‘rinna leh thiltih tehna dik lo thei lo a ni e’ tih a ni ta a. Kohhran siamthat hunlai hian Bible aia chhungril lama thlarau aw hria, Thlarau Thianghlim pe pawp thei, a hnen atanga Pathian thu thar hlam dawng theia inchhal an lo chhuaka. Chung mite chuan Kohhran thuneihna leh Bible thuneihna te mausamin, chhungril lam atanga an thu hriat leh dawn te chu innghahna berah an rawn hmang ve a.2 Hei hian Kohhran siamthatna hna pawh a tithuanawp thui hle. Chung mite zirtirna lakah chuan Bible thuneihna hi chawisan a ni tel bawk.

Kohhran siamthat hunlaia Bible thuneihna an lo zirtir dan chu Presbyterian hote leh Protestant pawl hrang hrang ten kan chhawm zui ta zel a. Khawvel puma Presbyterian Kohhranin innghahna atana kan hman Westminster Thurin Number pakhatnaah Bible-a Pathian thu hi rinna leh nun dan kawng tinrengah tehna sang bera puanchhuah a ni a.3  Welsh Thurin leh Presbyterian Kohhran hrang hrang thurinah pawh puanchhuah a ni bawk a. Hetiang taka Bible thuneihna pawmtu Kohhrante chuan Trinity thurin leh Pathian chungnunzia leh lalzia thurin te hi hrilhfiah leh sawifiah harsa deuh pawh nise, Bible zirtirna a nih miau si avangin kan pawm lo thei lo a ni.

Bible thuneihna chawisan kawngah kan hriat tur pawimawh chu ‘Pathian thawkkhum’ tih thu hi a ni. Engti ang taka thawkkhum nge a nih tih thuah vawiin thlengin Reformed leh Presbyterian Pathian thu thiamte ngaihdan a rual tlang vek lo. Thenkhatin Thlarau Thianghlim sawi (dictate) anga ziak nia an sawi laiin, thenkhat ve thung chuan Thlarau pawlna leh uapna hnuaiah Pathian thu an dawn te chu ngaihtuahna fim hmanga ziak chhuah niin an ngai. He sawifiah dan chi hnihah hian mihring chaklohna a inzep tel thei ve ve. Chubakah ‘van tawng’ ni lo, mihring tawng (culture) famkim lo tak hmanga Bible-a Pathian thute hi ziak anih avangin ‘dik lo pakhat mah awm lo’ (inerrant) anga ngaih tur a ni lo. A tira Hebrai leh Grik tawnga an ziakte dik vek pawh nise, an copy chhawn zelnaah tihsual palh, belh emaw paih emaw hmuh tur tam tak a awm. Amaherawhchu, heng avangte hian Bible-a Pathian thu hlutna leh a thuneihna hi a nep chuang lo tih kan hriat a pawimawh awm e.

Thuthlung Hlui bu 39 leh Thuthlung Thar bu 27 –a thuziakte hi an hlut dan thuhmun vek niin Presbyterian Kohhran thurin leh inzirtirna chuan a pawm tih hi chhinchiah bawk ila. Calvin-a chuan Thuthlung Hlui lehkhabu a ni emaw, Thuthlung Thar lehkhabu a ni emaw an zavaiin Pathian thu an ni vek a, Lal Isua Krista leh Chanchin Tha min hriattira, min kawhhmuhtu an ni vek a ni, a ti.4  Chutianga Pathian thu tak, Isua Krista leh Chanchin Tha kengtu leh kawhhmuhtu an nih avangin an hlut dan a thuhmun veka, ngaihnep tur emw ngaihhlut tur bik awm lovin a ngai. Pathian Isua Kristaa a awm ang bawkin, Isua Krista leh a Chanchin Tha hi Bible bu tina Pathian thu ziakah te hian awmin a sawi hial nghe nghe a. Chuvangin, Bible bu 66 te hi an hlut dan leh pawimawh dan thuhmun veka ngaih a ni. Calvin-a ngaihdan hi Presbyterian hoten vawiin thlengin kan la chhawm zel a ni.

b. Pathian lalzia leh chungnunzia (Sovereignty of God):
Pathian lalzia leh chungnunzia hi Presbyterian hoten kan zirtir uar deuh bika sawi a ni a. He zirtirna hi Kohhran pawl dangte laka kan danglamna langsar tak pakhat a ni. Bible zirtirna zuiin Pathian hi mi nung pathum, Pa leh Fapa leh Thlarau Thianghlim a ni tih hi Presbyterian hoten nghet takin kan pawm a. Calvin-a zirtirna zuiin Pathian famkim ni vek, mi nung hrang ni mahse Pathian pakhat, chatuan mi, danglam ngai lo, ropuina leh thiltihtheihnaa intluk an ni tih kan pawm a. Bible-a Pathian tih hi Pa chauh ni lovin, Pa leh Fapa leh Thlarau Thianghlim sawina a ni a. Pathian nihna – engkimtithei, engkim hria, khawikipa awm, danglam ngai lo tih thute hi Pathian pakhata mi nung pathumte nihnaah kan pawma. Chutiang bawkin, felna, dikna, thianghlimna, hmangaihna, khawngaihna, thatnaa khat an ni vek bawk ani.

Pathian lalzia leh chungnunzia hi Bible zirtirna a ni a. Calvin-a zirtirna zuiin ‘doctrine of providence’ leh ‘doctrine of predestination’ thurin hmangin puanchhuah leh sawifiah a ni thin.5 Providence thurin (doctrine of providence) hian Pathian hi engkim siamtu mai ni lovin, a thilsiam tinrengte a te ber leh a tlawm ber chena enkawltu, vengtu leh humhimtu a nih thu sawina a ni a. Chutih rual chuan engkim chunga roreltu, thuneitu a nih thu a keng tel bawk a ni. Pathian rorelna, a thuneihna leh a enkawlna huang chhungah engkim hi Pathian thu angin a thleng veka ngaih a ni a. Hnahthel ro tak ngial pawh Pathian thua tla a ni a, thli tleh leh ruah sur pawh Pathian thu ang zela tleh leh tla thina ngaih a ni.6  Pathian rorelna leh enkawlna hnuaiah thil engmah hi a palha thleng awm thei lova. Accident a awm thiang lo va, Saptawnga chance emaw fortune emaw hian Pathian lalna leh a enkawlna hnuaiah hmun a chang lo. Engkim hi Pathian thu anga a ropuina tura lo awm leh lo thleng vek a nih avangin Presbyterian chuan vanduaina/ chhiatna rapthlak lo thleng thin pawh hi Pathian remruat leh Pathian thu ni vek niin kan ngaia, kan pawm thin a ni.

Pathian lalzia leh chungnunzia predestination, ruatlawk thurinin a puanchhuah ve dan pawh: mi thenkhat chhandam tura Pathianin a thlan leh a ruatlawk (predestined) laiin, thenkhat ve thung chu chatuan thihna tuar tura ruatlawk an ni, tiin.7  Pathian chhandamna thu leh ruatlawk thurin hi inkawp tlata sawi a ni a. Lal Isua Krista chhandamna hnathawh leh chumi azara chhandam pawh thlan leh ruatlawkte chauh tan a nih thu Paula theology hian zirtira ngaih a ni a. Paula zirtirna hi behchhanin Augustine-an ruatlawk thurin hi a zirtira. Calvin-a’n Augustine aia uar zawkin a ropuina tura ama duhthu ngeia Pathianin chhandam tur leh chhandam loh turte a thlangin a ruatlawk a ni, a ti. Hetianga Calvin-an ruatlawk thurin zirtirna chhan erawh hi chu, chhandamna hi mihring theihna leh thil tha tiha innghat ni lovin, Pathian khawngaihnaa innghat a nihzia zawkzia tarlan a tumna nia sawifiah a ni a. Tunlai huna Presbyterian Kohhran tam ber leh theologian tam berin hetianga sawifiahna hi an kalpui ta deuh ber a ni.

c. Lal Isua Krista leh a hnathawh (Person and Work of Christ):
Lal Isua Krista nihna leh a hnathawh chungchangah Reformed leh Presbyterian hoten hmasang Kohhran thurin, Apostol thuvawn te, Nicea thuvawn leh Chalcedonian thuvawn te hi kan zui tha hle. Lal Isua Krista Pathian mihringa lo chang a nih thu kan pawm a. Pathian tak leh mihring tak a nih thu leh Pathian nihna leh mihring nihna infin si lo, in thenhrang si loa amaha a awm kawp thu kan pawm bawk a. Calvina zirtirna zuiin mihring hmasate suala an tluka, Pathian felna dan an bawhchhiat tak thu te, chumi avanga an aiawha thuawihna famkim nen Pathian ropuina leh zahawmna a tundin thu te, Pathianin diknain a phut hlen chhuak tura Pathian Fapa hi mihringa lo chang a nih thu te kan pawmin kan zirtir bawk a ni. Tlukna hi awm lo sela, Pathian mihringa lo chan hi tul lo tura ngaih a ni a. Lal Isua Krista kha mihringa a lo chan khan sualna a nei lo. A sual lo theihna chhan chu nula thianghlim, Marin a pai vang ni ber lovin, Thlarau Thianghlimin a tih thianghlim vanga sual neilo nia ngaih a ni.8
Lal Isua Krista hnathawh hi Calvin-an zawlnei, puithiam leh lal hna angin a sawifiah a.9 Reformed leh Presbyterian hovin he zirtirna hi zuiin Isua Krista hi zawlneite anga mihringte hnena Pathian duhzawng puangchhuaktu, puithiamte anga mihringte sual thawina atana ama nunna hlantu, lal anga mihring chunga Pathian rorelna leh thuneihna thlentirtu a ni a. Lal Isua inngaihtlawmna leh midangte hmangaiha thi khawp hiala a inpekna hi Pathian ropuina lan chhuahna, mihring hmasate laka a danglamna langsar tak a ni a. Pathian ang nih ve duh avanga mihring hmasate Pathian thupek bawhchhiaa, suala an tluk laiin, Lal Isuan Kraws thihna tuarin Pathian thupek a zawm famkim a. Pathian diknain mihring laka a phut chu hlen chhuakin, Pathian ropuina leh zahawmna a tungding bawk a. Chumi azarah chuan mihring tan chhandamna kawng a lo inhawng ta a ni. Hei hi Presbyterian hovin Bible zirtirna enga Lal Isua Krista hnathawh substitutionary theory emaw penalty theory emaw satisfaction theory an tih hmanga kan kalpui dan a ni.

d. Thlarau Thianghlim leh a Hnathawh (Person and Work of Holy Spirit):
Reformed leh Presbyterian hoten hmasang Kohhran Thurinten an puanchhuah angin Thlarau Thianghlim hi Pa leh Fapa ata lo chhuak a ni tih kan pawm a. Hei hian Thlarau Thianghlim hi Pathian anihzia a nemnghet a. Pathian Fapa Isua Kristaa Pathian inpuanna leh Thlarau Thianghlim hnathawh hi a inkalh lo tih a nemnghet nghal bawk a ni.
Thlarau Thianghlim hi Pathian mihringa a lo channaah a bul tumtu a ni a. Sual laka venghima, tithianghlimtu a ni a. Baptisma a chan atanga a thawhleh thlengin Lal Isua Krista awmpuitu leh tanpuitu a ni a, thihna ata kaithotu Pathian chakna leh thiltihtheihna a ni. Thlarau Thianghlim hi zawlneitea thusawitu, ‘Lalpain a ti’ an tih theihna chhan a ni a. Bible thawkkhumtu, Bible-a Pathian thu ziaktute awmpuia tichaktu leh Bible-a Pathian thute pawh dictate-tu ang hiala sawi a ni.10 Chu bakah Bible-a Pathian thu chhiartu leh ngaithlatute tiengtu leh tanpuitu a ni. Hetiang taka Thlarau Thianghlim hnathawh hi Bible thuneihna innghahna a ni a. Kohhran thuneihna aia Bible an dah chungnung zawkna chhan pawimawh tak a ni.

Thlarau Thianghlim hi ringtute hnena Lal Isua Krista chhandamna hnathawh ataka seng luttu a ni. Kan Thurin Number 6-naa kan hmuh angin mihringte chhandamna changtua siamtu a ni a. Thlarau Thianghlim puihna tel lovin tuman misual an ni tih an hre thei lova, Lal Isua Krista Lalpa leh chhandamtu a ni tih pawh an hre thei lova, an pawm thei bawk hek lo. Rinna te, simna te, piantharna te, thiamchantirna te leh tihthianghlimna kan chante hi Thlarau Thianghlim hnathawh avang chauh a ni. Harhnain min chenchilh lai chauh ni lovin, Kohhran nunhona leh rawngbawlna zawng zawng pawh hi Thlarau Thianghlim awmpuina leh kaihruaina vek a ni.

e. Mihring leh chhandamna thu (Doctrine of Man and Salvation):
Mihring hi Pathian anpuia siam a ni tih hi Bible zirtirna a ni a. Reformed leh Presbyterian hoten mihring chungchang kan inzirtirna kaihruaitu leh innghahna pawimawh tak a ni. Kohhran Pate hunlai atangin Pathian anna tih thu hi Gen 1:26 thu tan chhanin keimahni ang (image of God) tih leh kan anpui (likeness of God) tih thu te hi awmze hrang neia hriilhfiah a ni a. Nimahsela, Calvin-a chuan Kohhran siamthat hunlai khan heng thu pahnihte hi awmze thuhmun neia ngaiin, felna bulpui – thianghlimna, felna leh hriatna dikte bakah chhia leh tha hriatna, duhthlan theihna, finna leh thatna te kawkin a lo zirtir a. Presbyterian hovin a zirtirna zuiin, tlukna avangin mihring khan felna bulpuite a hloh va, chhia leh tha hriatna te, duhthlan theihna, finna leh thatna te erawh chu sualin ti khawlo mahse, mihringin kan loh vek lo tiin kan zirtir a ni. Thlarau Thianghlim puihna tello chuan engti kawng mahin Pathian lam mi tumahin kan hawi thei lova, Pathian siam chhan angin kan nung thei tawh loa ngaih a ni.

Tluk hmain mihring dinhmun chu Pathian nena lengdun thei khawpa thaa ngaih a ni. Suala tlu lo sela, chatuan nun nei kumkhua tura ngaih a ni.11 Thilsiam zawng zawngte vengtu leh enkawltu tura ruat, Pathian aia hnuai deuh chauha siam a ni a. Vantirhkohte ai pawha chungnung zawka ngaih theih hial khawp dinhmunah a ding a ni. Mihring nihna hi taksa leh thlarau inkawp a ni a, a pahnihin Pathian siam ve ve a ni. Taksa pawh Pathian kutchhuak a ni a, thlarau pawh Pathian them ni lovin, chatuan daih tura boral thei lo tura siam a ni.
Mihring Pathian anpuia siam chuan ama duhthu ngeiin Pathian dan a bawhchhiaa, sualna leh khawlohnaah a lo intal lut ta. Hei hi mihring tlukna chungchanga Calvina zirtirna a ni a, Westminster thurin leh Presbyterian thurin dangte pawhin a puanchhuah dan a ni.12 A hma lama kan sawi tawh angin Pathian anpuia siam mihringin a tluk thleng khan hriatna dik, felna leh thianghlimna neiin, chhia leh tha hriatna, duhthlan theihna zalen leh finna te pawh a nei a. Chuvangin suala tlu lo thei dinhmunah a ding. Mahse, ama duh thu ngeia Pathian dan bawhchhiain sualah a lo tlu ta a ni. Hei vang hian a tluk veleh atangin inthiamlohnain a khat ta a ni. Paula sawi angin mi pakhat thuawih loh avangin sual khawvelah a lo lut a, mi zawng zawng misual chhandam ngai kan lo ni ta.

Mihring ama duhthu ngeia suala a tluk ni hi khawvela sual lo awm tanna, mihring chapona, mahni hmasialna leh duhamnaa a lo khah tanna ni a ni. Chu sualna chu thuawihlohna nena inkawp tlat, Pathian dan bawhchhiatna, a ropuina leh zahawmna hliamtu leh tibawrhbangtu a ni. Pathian diknain a phut hlen chhuak thei leh Pathian ropuina leh zahawmna tungding thei mihring zingah an awm loh avangin Pathian mihringah a chan a ngai a, a lo chang ta ngei a. Ama zarah chauh chhandamin kan lo awm ta a. A hma lama kan sawi tawh angin, Krista zara chhandamna chu Thlarau Thianghlimin keimahniah min sengluh sakin, thiamchantirna te, piantharna te, tihthianghlimna te kan lo chang thei ta a ni. Hetianga Thlarau Thianghlim hnathawh lo lan chhuahna tur hian Chanchin Tha hril a ngai a, Thlarau Thianghlim puihna avanga ringtute chu Kohhran inpawlhona tel leh Kohhran huangchhung rawngbawlnaa tel hi tihmakmawha ngaih a ni.
Lal Isua Krista zara chhandamna ringtuten an chan thu hi a hmalama kan sawilan tawh angin Westminster thurin leh Prebyterian thurin thenkhatah Ruatlawk thu nen sawi zawm a ni.13 isua Krista zara chhandamna hi Pathianin a koh leh a ruatte hnenah Thlarau Thianghlimin a sengluh sak thin. PCI thurina kan hmuh ang hian an sualzia a hriattir a, Krista hriatna lamah an rilru a tivar a, a duhnate titharin, Lal isua Krista Lalpa leh Chhandamtua pawm tura thlemin, pawm thei leh ring thei turin a pui a.14 Chutianga Thlarau Thianghlim hnathawh avangin piantharna te, thiamchantirna te leh tihthianghlimna te chu kan lo chang thei ta thin a ni. Thlarau Thianghlimin mihringte chhandamna chang tura a thawh dan hi ruatlawk thu nena sawi zawm anih avangin zawhna chi hrang hrang a kaichhuak a. Chhandamna hi Pathian khawngaihnaa innghat a nihzia a tarlan rualin, Pathian khawngaihna han a huam zim lu deuh em tih te, thenkhat tan Pathian khawngaihna hi hnar theihloh a ni tihna a ni em tih te, chhandamna thahnemngaihna avangin khawpui fai leh thianghlim bera sawi a ni a. Chubakah vawiin thlengin Reformed leh Presbyterian Kohhran huhang nasatna ramte hi ram chang kang leh hmasawn ber berte an lo ni ta bawk a ni. Thilsiamte chhandamna thu zirtir kawngah Reformed leh Presbyterian theologian-te hi khawvel huap han thlir pawhin hmahruaitu an ni mek bawk.

f. Kohhran leh a rawngbawl hna (Church and Ministry):
Kan Kohhran Thurinin a puanchhuah ang hian Lal Isua Krista ringtu zawng zawngte hi mal tlat lova Kohhrana tel vek turin Reformed leh Presbyterian hote chuan an zirtir a. Pathian chenna, ringtuten a huhova Pathian kan pawlna leh a rawng kan bawl hona a ni a, Pathian malsawmna a huhova kan channa hmun a ni. Kohhran Pate zinga mi, Cypriana chuan Kohhran pawnah chhandamna a awm lo, tiin a zirtir a. He zirtirna hi Bible zirtirna dik tak nia ngaiin, Calvin-an a pawm nghet hle. Kohhran hi ringtute nu (mother of all believers) tiin a vuah hial a.15 Mihring tung chhova kal zawng zawngte hi Lal Isua Krista chenin nu tel lova kan piang thei lo ang bawkin Kohhran tel lovin mi tumah ringtu a nih theih lo va, chhandam a nih theih loh, a ti a ni.
Kohhran hi Krista taksa, a thisena lei a nih tih pawm tlat chungin, Kohhran hi Thuthlung Hlui hun atang daih tawha lo awm, Lal Isua Krista chhandamna hnathawh azara tundin leh siamthar a ni tih hi Calvin-a zirtirna a ni a.16 Chubakah, Kohhran hi hmuh theih leh hmuh theih loh a nih thu sawiin, Kohhran hmuh theih leh hmuh theih loh chu inzawm tlat, then hran theih loh niin a zirtir bawk a. Kohhran hi pakhat, thianghlim, huapzo, Tirkohte zirtirnaa innghat a ni tih a pawm a. Pathian thu hril leh zirtir te, sacrament – Baptisma leh Lalpa zanriah leh Kohhran thianghlimna atana inthununa kenkawh te hi Kohhran dik lanchhuahna niin a zirtir bawk a. Kohhran chungchanga Calvin-a zirtirna te khi Presbyterian Kohhran hian a pawm deuh vek a ni.
Luthera leh Calvin-a zirtirna zuia ringtu zawng zawng puithiam nihna (priesthood of all believers) hi Presbyterian hote hian kan pawm rualin, Pathian thu hril leh sacrament rawngbawl hna khawih tur erawh hi chuan nemngheh rawngbawlna (ordained ministry) hi tih makmawha awm turah kan ngai. A telovin Kohhran rawngbawlna hi kalpui theih loha ngaih a ni. Nemngheh mite chu Kohhran kal tlanga Pathian kohna dawng tura ngaih an ni a.17 Pathian thu mite zirtir chhawng thei khawpa thiam tura beisei an ni. Nemngheh rawngbawltu Pastor/Minister te bakah Upa atana nemngheh te an awm bawk a. Pastor/Minister-te nen Kohhran inrelbawlna leh inenkawlna thawkho tur an ni. Kohhrana mi rethei leh chhumchhiate chhawmdawlna kawnga mawhphurtu atan Deacon/Deaconess hi awm tura ngaih a ni bawk. Kohhran inrelbawl hna hi tualchhung Kohhran Committee atanga Assembly thlengin Inkhawmpui leh Committee hrang hrang hmanga kalpui tur a ni bawk a. Heng inkhawmpui leh Committee hrang hrangah hian Pastor leh Upate an thawk hova. Hun engmaw ti atang tawh khan a theih anga tam Kohhran Hmeichhe aiawh te, Thalai aiawhte pawh Inkhawmpui leh Committee hrang hrangah te hian an tel ve theihna kawng hawn sak a ni. Hetiang hi Presbyterian Kohhran inrelbawlna leh rawngbawltute dinhmun a nih avangin, tualchhung Kohhran mal chauh ngaihtuah lovin, Pastor Bial, Presbytery, Synod leh Assembly huapa rilru zau tak put a pawimawh hle a ni.

Reformed leh Presbyterian Kohhran hian Chanchin Tha hril hi a hnapui berah a ngai a. Kohhran siamthat hun lai khan Calvin-a kaihhruaina hnuaiah Geneva Kohhran Saint Pierre Church an tih chu Brazil rama missionary tir hmasa ber a ni. Kum zabi 19-na leh 20-na hunlai khan khawvel ram hrang hranga missionary tir chhuak tam ber zingah Presbyterian Kohhran engemaw zat hi an tel a. Africa leh Asia ramah te Presbyterian Kohhran nung tak leh chak tak vawiin thlengin a din phah a. India ram chhim leh hmarah pawh kan Kohhran PCI bakah Church of South India leh Church of North India te hi Presbyterian missionary-te hnathawh rah an ni.
Khawvela Pathian ram din hi Chanchin tha hrilin a ken tel a ni tih hriain, huaisen takin ram leh hnam siamthatna kawngah zawlnei hna a thawk bawk thin. Presbyterian Kohhran hian Kohhran hi Krista taksa anihzia hriain, Kohhran inpumkhatna hi a ngai pawimawh a. Presbyterian identity hlauh thak khawpin Krista taksa, Kohhran inpumkhatna atan a bei thin a ni.

g. Hun hnuhnung beiseina (Doctrine of Christian Hope/Last Things) :
Hun hnuhnung beiseina thu hian Lal Isua lo kal leh beiseina te, mitthi tawhlehna thu te, rorelna hnuhnung lo thleng tur leh Pathian ram a famkima a lo thlen thute hi a ken pawimawh zualte an ni. Thihna leh vanram leh hrehmun awm rinna te pawh a keng tel bawk a . Calvin-an Lal Isua lokal leh tur thu te, mitthi thawhlehna thu te, rorelna hnuhnung la awm tur thute hi Bible zirtirna tanchhanin chipchiar deuh takin a zirtir a. Heng hun hnuhnung thute hi Bible zirtirna a nih avangin Reformed leh Presbyterian Kohhran hian a ngai pawimawh em em a ni. Westminster Thurin leh Welsh Thurinah te phei chuan chipchiar taka puanchhuah a ni. Lal Isua lokal leh hunah mitthi thawhlehna a awm ang a. Chu thawhlehna chu ni hnuhnunga rorelnain a zui ang a. Ringtute chu vanramah chatuan ropuina lawmluhin kan awm ang a, ringlote erawh chu chatuan hrehmuna paih thlakin an awm dawn tih kan ringin kan beisei a ni. Reformed leh Presbyterian ho zingah kum sang rorel tuipui thahnem tak an awm. Bible zirtirna penhleh ang deuha ngaih a nih avangin Calvin-a zirtirnaah hmun an nei lo va. Hei vang hian Westminster thurin leh Presbyterian thurin dangah kum sang rorel thu te, mi thianghlim lawr thute hian ngaih pawimawh an hlawh lo va. Kohhran nawlpui inzirtirna leh inchawmnaah pawh ngaih pawimawh a hlawh phak lo. Kum sang rorel chungchanga inzirtirnaah mitthi thawhlehna hi vawikhat aia tam awm tura inzirtir a ni a. Kum sang rorel pawh tuna Israel rama kum sangkhat chhung a hring a hrana ataka lo la awm tura beisei a ni. He zirtirna hi Bible zirtirna behchhan tur a that tawk loh avang leh a awm chhun pawh khuhhawnna thu (apocalyptic literature) ami deuh vek anih avangin ngaih pawimawh a hlawh meuh lo a ni.

Westminster leh Presbyterian thurin hrang hrangah mitthi thawhlehna hi taksa thawhlehna nia inzirtir a ni a. Apostolte thurina ‘Taksa thawhlehna ka ring’ tih thu pawh hi Grik tawngah chuan ‘Tisa thawhlehna ka ring’ tih a ni nghe nghe a. Chu chuan Lal Isua lokal leh huna mitthi thawhlehna hi taksa ngeia thawhlehna a nih tur beiseina a keng a ni. Westminster Thurin leh Welsh Thurinah taksa thawhlehna a nih beiseina thu hi puanchhuah a ni a. Reformed leh Presbyterian theologian pachal ber berte pawhin taksa thawhlehna ni turin an ngai. Khawvel finna leh thiamnain min chim karah taksa thawhlehna ring lo mipui mimir zingah an thahnem sawt hle. Lal Isua lo kal lehna leh ni hnuhnunga rorelna te pawh hi a taka lo thleng tura ngai lo an thahnem hle bawk. Hetih karah hian tunlaia Reformed theologian hmingthang tak mai, Moltmann-a leh Presbyterian theologian thenkhate chuan khawvel ram hrang hrangin nuclear ralthuam an chhek khawl tam dan atang te, thilsiam dangte chunga chhiatna (environmental crisis) lo thleng mek atangte hian ni hnuhnung - Lal Isua lokal lehna leh rorelna ni hnuhnung te hi lo thleng hnai tawh hlein an zirtir uar hle thung a ni.

2. Presbyterian Worship kalpui dan:
Reformed leh Presbyterian hoten Worship (Pathian biak) hi Pathianin mihring a siam chhan niin an ngai a. Mihring chakna leh duhna hrikthlakna emaw phuhhrukna mai ni lovin, Pathian ropuina puanchhuahna leh a hmangaihna chhan letna a ni. Westminster Thuinchhanga zawhna hmasa ber chu, Pathianin mihring a siam chhan hi engnge ni? tih zawhna hi a ni a. A chhanna chu, Pathian chawimawi leh kumkhaw tlai tluana amah nena inpawl hi a ni, tih a ni. Tawngkam danga kan sawi chuan, mihring dam chhan ber chu Pathian biak, tih hi a ni. A thil siam tlawm tak mai kan ni tih hriaa, min siamtu leh min tlantu Pathian hmaa kuna, inngaitlawm leh thuhnuai rawl tak chunga Pathian hi fak leh chawimawi tur kan a ni.

Calvin-an Pathian hriatna hi Pathian inpuanna avangin mi zawng zawngin an nei thei vek, tiin a zirtir a. Pathian inpuanna vanga Pathian hriatnain a nghawng chhuah chu Pathian biak hi a ni, a ti.18 Sakhaw hrang hrangte hian leilunga Pathian inpuanna avangin engemaw chen Pathian hriatna hi nei vea ngaih a ni a. An sakhaw biakna thilte hi chutianga Pathian hriatnain a rah chhuah ni ve bawk chu nia ngaih a ni. Chutianga sakhaw dang betute mahin Pathian biakna rilru an put chuan, Isua Kristaa Pathian inpuanna famkim leh vawrtawp dawngtu, Pathian ropuizia leh a hmangaihna thukzia hretute tan Pathian biak, amah fak leh chawimawi hi tihmakmawh a ni.

Reformed leh Presbyterian hote hian Pathian biak hi Biakinah chauh ni lovin, nitin nun leh hnathawhah te tih tura ngaiin, an inzirtir a. Saptawnga ‘Work is worship’ an tih ang deuh hian taima taka hnathawh chen hian Pathian biakna, a hnena lawmthu sawinaah an ngai nghe nghe a ni. Chutianga Pathian khawngaihna leh hmangaihna an chhan letna chu Sociologist hmingthang Max Weber-a’n Calvin- a zirtirna zuitu Reformed hote leh Presbyterian hote an changkan bikna chhan niin a ngai a ni.
Westminster Thurin an siam tuma Pathian biak Inkhawm hruaina (Directory of Public Worship) an siamah ahuhova Pathian biak hi Pathian hmangaihna chhan letna a nih thu tarlan a ni. Ringtute hi a huhova inpawl khawmnaah tel theuh tur a ni a. A huhoa Pathian biak hi Pathian chawimawina leh a hmangaihna chhan letna a nih bakah, ringtute intihsawt tawnna tha ber leh rinnna kawnga thanlenna siamtu pawimawh ber pakhata ngaih a ni bawk a.19 Taksa leh thlarau lama mamawh inphuhhruksakna atan te, unau anga kan inhmangaih tawn theihna tur te, rinna chhungkua kan inpumkhat theihna turin a pawimawh. Heti taka a huhova Pathian biak hi a pawimawh rualin, Presbyterian inkaihhruainaah ringtute hi a mal pawha Pathian be thin tur te, chhungkuaa mahni inlama Pathian biakna maicham hung thin tura zirtir kan ni.

Kohhran siamthat hunlai khan a huhova Pathian biak hi Pathianniah tum thum zing, chhun leh tlaiah an neih thin a. Hapta karah pawh mipuite khawsak dan leh remchan dan azirin an nei bawk thin a ni.
Welsh ram Kohhran hian Pathian niah inkhawm vawi thum an neih bakah, Nilai leh Inrinni tlaiah an nei a. Tuna Mizorama kan inkhawm ang deuh bawk hian inkhawm hun bi fel tak an nei thin. Calvin-a hun laiin Pathianni apiangin vawi thum urhsun takin an inkhawm ziah a, thlakhatah vawi khat tal Lalpa zanriah an kil ho thin. Tunlaiin ram changkang Scotland leh England ram angah te khuan Pathian biak inkhawm hi Pathianni zing karah Pathian biak inkhawm tum hnih tum thum an nei a, tlai lamah pawh inklhawm an nei bawk thin. Kohhran miten a remchan dan angin chungi inkhawmah chuan an tel thin. Pathianniah inkhawm tum khat emaw tal chu Pathian thu zirhona atan an hmang bawk thin. Ram leh mihring khawsak dan hian inkhawm hun leh kalhmang a hril thui hle.

Westminster thurin leh Presbyterian thurin hrang hrangin Pathian biakna hmanrua a sawi tlangpuite chu Pathian thu chhiar leh hril, a mal leh a huhova tawngtai, a huhova hla sak te hi a ni a. Calvin-a hunlai atanga Reformed leh Presbyterian Pathian Biak Inkhawm Kaihruaina (Order of Service) –ah thilpek lakkhawm leh hlan te, thupuan te hi Pathian biakna thil paiwmawh taka chhiar tel a ni bawk a. Tawngtaina chi hrang hrang, lawmthu sawi tawngtai (prayer of thanksgiving) te, sual thuphachawi tawngtai (prayer of confession) te, midang tana tawngtai (prayer of Intercession) te neih a ni thin a. Heng tawngtaina chi hrang hrangte hi inkhawm tantir lamah te, a laihawlah leh a tawp lamah te neih thin a ni. Pathian fakna hla sak hi mipuiin Pathian inkhawma chanvo an neih ve awm chhun a nih avangin hla hi inkhawm tan hnuah pathum aia tlem lo sak thin a ni. Bible chhiar leh Pathian thu hril hi hi ngaih pawimawh ber a ni a. An ngaih pawimawhzia lanna chu Biakin tam berah pulpit hi a laiah hun a ni.

A huhova Pathian biak inkhawm hi hmun tam takah inkhawm hruaina fel tak hmangin urhsun takin an kaihruai a. Kohhran siamthat hunlai atangin ‘Thu sawm pek’ hi Pathianni inkhawmah sawi rual emaw, chham rual emaw a ni deuh ziaha, Lalpa tawngtaina/Lal tawngtai/Lal biakna hi vawi khat emaw tal sawi rual thin a ni bawka, malsawmnain inkhawm hi Pastor-in a tihtawp thin a ni. Inkhawm hun chhung rei lam hi darkar khat atanga darkar hnih chhung a awh deuh ber thin. Reformed leh Presbyterian Kohhran Pathian biak inkhawm hi urhsun (solemn) taka kaihhruai a ni tlangpui a. Amaherawhchu, America ram hmun thenkhatah te leh South Africa ram hmun thenkhatah erawh lam leh taksa chetnate te hian hmun a chang tam ve hle.. Scotland ramah khuan Pathiannia inkhawm tan dawn apiangin Pastor leh Upaten Bible kengin procession kawngka pui atanga puilpit bul maicham thlengin an neia, inkhawm an tan zui nghal thin. Inkhawm ban veleh pulpit atangin kawngkapui thlengin Bible keng chung bawkin procession an nei leh ziah thin a ni.

Sacrament pahnih – Baptisma leh Lalpa Zanriah te hi Thuthlung Thar hun atangin Pathian biakna thil serh pawimawh berte an ni.20 Kohhran siamthat hun hma lama Sacrament pasarihte kha vawiin thlengin Catholic Kohhran leh Orthodox Kohhrante hian an la chhawm zui zel a. Heng zingah hian Baptisma leh Lalpa Zanriah te chauh hi Lal Isuan Kohhran thlarau lam chawmna tur leh amah kan biakna hmanrua atana a siam a ni tih Luthera leh Calvin-a te khan an pawm a. Reformed leh Presbyterian Kohhran huang chhungah Protestant Kohhran pawl dangte ang bawkin Pathian biakna thil serh pawimawh ber a ni zui zel ta a. Nemnghehte chauh lo chuan Baptisma leh Lalpa Zanriah Sacrament-te hi khawih phal a ni lo.
Baptisma hi Krista nena kan inzawmna te, Thlarau Thianghlim zara piantharna chhinchhiahna leh nemnghehna a nih rualin, Lalpa hnena kan inhlanna thiltih a ni bawk.Kohhrana inlawmluhna a nih bakah khawngaihna thuthlung an chan chhinchhiahna leh nemnghehna a ni. Miin baptisma hi a chan tawh chuan chan nawn tawh loh tur a ni. Baptisma hi Krista mi kan nihzia chhinchhiahna a ni a, vawi khat chauh chan tura ngaih a ni. Nausen baptisma (Infant baptism) hi Thuthlung Thar hunlai atanga Kohhranin a kalpui thin a nih avangin kalpui chhunzawm zel a ni a. Ringtu nu leh pa kara piang nausente chu Pathian mi an nih chhinchhiahna hi pek ve ngei ngei tura ngaih a ni. Nausen emw puitling emaw baptisma chang tawhte chu Thlarau Thianghlim zarah Pathian khawngaihna chang tura ngaih an ni bawk.

Lalpa zanriah hi Pathian khawngaihna leh thatna ringtuten an dawnna hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni. Hming hrang hrang puttir a ni a. Inpawlna thianghlim (holy communion) tih te, lawmthu sawina ruai (eucharist) tih leh Lalpa zanriah (Lord’s Supper) tihte hi Reformed leh Presbyterian Kohhranten kan hmang deuh ber. India ram Presbyterian Kohhran chuan Lalpa Zanriah hi Krista thihna hriatreng nana chhang leh uain chanho hi a ni a, ringtuten Krista thihnaa hlawkna an chan chhiahchhiahna leh nemnghehna a ni tiin a hrilhfiah a.21 Kohhran hoten Isua Krista
leh a inhlanna kan pawmzia te, kan hlawkpuizia te, a rawngbawl tura kan inpek zelna te, amah kan pawlna leh mi dang nena kan inpawlnate entir nan Lal Isua lo kal leh hma loh zawng chan ho thin tur tih a ni a. Van Kohhran, kan hmangaih kal hmasate zawng zawng nen pawha Thlarau Thianghlim awmpuina azara nung kan inpawlna ni bawka ngaih a ni. Westminster Confession-in Lalpa zanriah hi Krista thihna hriatrengna leh ringtuten a thihna avanga hlawkna kan chan chhinchhiahna leh nemnghehna a nih thu a sawi a. Chubakah a rawngbawl zel tura inpekna leh amah leh ringtu dangte nena inpawlna a nih thu puanchhuah a ni bawk. Thlarau Thianghlim puihna azara nunga Krista nena inpawlna a nih thu hi Calvin-an a ngaih pawimawh lai tak pakhat a ni a. Lalpa zanriah sacrament-ah hian rinna taka changtuten Thlarau Thianghlim tanpuina azarah Krista nena inpawlna ataka chan theih a ni.

Baptisma leh Lalpa Zanriah Sacrament Inkhawm hi Kohhran Inkhawm pawimawh leh urhsun ber anih avangin Kohhran mite tel vek tura beisei a ni. He Pathian biak inkhawm urhsun tak neih tum hian Tirhkohte thuvawn emaw Nicea thuvawn emaw dinga sak emaw sawi rual emaw a ni thin. Geneva Kohhran a enkawl lai khan Calvin- an Lalpa Zanriah hi Pathianni Inkhawm apiangin vawi khat chu kan hre thei awm e. Protestant Kohhran zingah Presbyterian Kohhran Pathian thu kalpui dan hi Bible zirtirna nen a kal dun tha hlea sawi a ni a. Bible thuneihna kan pawm dan leh sawifiahna te pawh hian belhchian a dawl hlea ngaih a ni. Trinity thurin kan pawm dan te, Isua Krista leh a hnathawh kan zirtir dan te, Thlarau Thianghlim leh a hnathawh kan zirtirna te hi Bible zirtirnaa innghat a ni a. Kohhran leh a rawngbawl hna kan zirtir dan leh kalpui dan pawh hi him tawka ngaih a ni a. Chanchin Tha hril kawngah leh Kohhran inpumkhatna lamah hmasawnna tur tam tak la nei mah ila, Pathian khawngaihna leh a awmpuina kan dawng hle a ni.
Hringtu Kohhran thurin lama Pathian lalzia leh chungnunzia a bik takin ruatlawk thurin an lo kalpuithin dan erawh hi chu vawiin thlengin dawnsawn thiam a har deuh a. PCI Thurin Sawm thlanchhuahah langsar takin puanchhuah ni lo mahse, Westminster Thurin leh Welsh Thurinah hmun pawimawh tak a luah avangin hlamchhiah theih a ni lo va. Bible zirtirna a nih avangin thlauhthlak theih a ni bawk hek lo. Pathian lalzia puanchhuahna a nih thu leh chhandamna hi Pathian khawngaihna a nihzia sawifiahna pawimawh tak a ni tih erawh kan chhinchhiah a pawimawh ang. Pathian biakna kan kalpui dan te khi Kohhran mite dinhmun leh mamawh ngaihtuah chunga kan kalpui thiam a pawimawh hle bawk a ni. Nakin hunlo awm zela tura kan kohhran kal zel dan tur ngaihtuahin naupang leh thalaite thlarau chawmna lam hi tun aia kan ngaih pawimawha, kan tihchak leh zual erawh a pawimawh hle. Presbyterian Pathian thu kalpui dan leh Pathian biak dan tlangpui kan sawi tak te khi khawvel ram danga Kohhran hote nena kan dinhmun leh mamawhte phuhru tura siam leh buatsaih a ni tih hria ila. Chu bakah kan thurin leh Pathian biak dan tam ber hi kum tam tak kal tawha mite taksa leh thlarau dinhmun ngaihtuaha siam a ni tih hre tel bawk ila. Hei vang hian khawvel ram danga rinnaa kan chhungte nena kan inpumkhatna tichhe chuang lova, kan Kohhran dinhmun leh mamawhte ngaihtuah chunga Pathian thu hi kalpui thiam kan zir erawh a tul a. Pathian biakna pawh tun aia Kohhran mite mamawh phuhru kim thei tur leh Pathian ropuina tur ngaihtuaha kan kalpui thiam a tul hle bawk ang.

A tawp berah chuan, Kohhran hoten Pathian fak leh chawimawi hi Pathian min kohna leh a duhzawng a ni tih hre thar leh zual ila. A ropuina tur leh a ram zauna tura a duhzawng kan tih theuh theih nan Pathian thu hi kalpui tum ila, Amah biakna pawh fimkhur takin I kalpui thn ang u.

Endnotes
1. India Ram Presbyterian Kohhran Dan Bu (Aizawl: SL &PB,  2016), p. 1

2.  H. Vanlalauva, Doctrine of God: John Calvin’s Doctrine of God with
Special Reference to the Indian Context(Delhi:ISPCK, 2007), p. 209.
3. Westminster Thurin,I.10 in Westminster Thurin leh Welsh Thurin.  Published by Calvin Study Centre (Aizawl: CSC, 2015) .Hereafter
cited as Westminster Thurin.

4. Institutes II.10.2
5.  George Timothy, Theology of Reformers (Nashville: Broadman
Pess, 1988), p. 308.

6. Institutes I.16.75
7. Institutes III.21.5
8.  H. Vanlalauva, Doctrine of God, p. 177.

9. Institutes III.15:1-6
10.  H. Vanlalauva, Doctrine of God, p. 208. Cf. Commentary on II  Timothy 3:16

11 Ibid., p. 173.
12Westmnster Thurin, IX:1,2
13Westminster Thurin, X:1,2
14 India Ram Presbyterian Kohhran Dan Bu, p. 3.
15 Institutes IV.14:2
16 G.S.M. Walker, “Calvin and the Church” in Readings in Calvin’s  Theology. Ed. By McKim (Grand Rapids: BakerBook House,
1984), p. 213.
17 InstitutesIV.20.2
18 Inst itutes I.3.1
19Westminster Thurin, XXVI, 1-3.
20 Westminster Thurin, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX
21 India Ram Presbyterian Kohhran Dan Bu, p. 4.

GNOSTICISM

GNOSTICISM
(Gnostic zirtirna)

Gnostic zirtirna hi chi hrang hrang a ni a, hlawmkhat anga swifiah harsa tak a ni. Gnostic zirtirna kan han tih hian Gnostic pawl pakhat zirtirna kan sawi chauh  a ni fo. Gnosticism hi sakhaw hrang hrang zirtirna leh philosophy hrang hrang infinkhawm a ni a. He zirtirna hi Persia sakhua  Zoroastrianism te,  Babulon sakhua te,  Juda sakhua te, Grik sakhua  te  leh  philoshophy te leh  Kristian sakhua te aṭanga lo piang chhuak a ni a. Gnostic zirtirna hian Kohhran hmasate a tibuai rei hle. Kum Zabi Khatna aṭanga Kum Zabi Kua-na thleng khan Gual (tunlai – France) ran aṭanga Persia (Iran) rama Kohhran awmte hnenah harsatna a thlen a ni. Gnosticism  hi hnehin awm ta lo se la chu Kristian sakhua hi hetiangin a ding khaw chhuak lo vang.
Alexandria khuaa Kristian zirtirtu ropui tak Clement-a chuan Gnostic pawl hrang hrangten an hming an lo put dan chiang kuang deuh takin min hrilh a:
1. Pawl ṭhenkhat chuan an pawl din chhuaktute hming an pu a :
Simonians (Simon Magus-a zuitu pawl)
b)  Cerinthians (Cerinthus- a zuitu pawl)
c) Basilidians (Basildes- a zuitu pawl)
d) Valentinians (Valentinus- a zuitu pawl)
e) Marcionites (Marcion - a zuitu pawl)
f) Carpocratians (Carpocrates - a zuitu pawl)
2. Pawl ṭhenkhat chuan an pawl lo din chhuahna hmun hming aṭangin an    pawl hming an vuah bawk: Peratikoi
3. Pawl dang leh chu an thiltih leh an nun dan hmang aṭangin an pawl hming hi vuah an ni bawk : Encratites ( heng pawlte hi chuan taksa tihhrehawm leh insum lam an zirtir)
4. An thu zirtir aṭangin an pawl hming an pu bawk : Docetists (Docetists-ho chuan Isua khan taksa a nei ve tak tak lo a, taksa nei angin a lang mai chauh a ni tiin an zirtir ṭhin).
5. An thu uar bik leh an biak aṭangtein an pawl hming an pu bawk : Ophites (heng pawlte hi chuan Thuthlung Hlui a Pathian (Jehova})an paih thla a, Rûl (Ophis) chu mihringte chhanchhuaktuah leh tiêngtuah an pawm thung).
Heng lo pawh hi pawl dang an la awm hual a ni. Pawl hming hi anmahni invuah a nih leh nih loh a chiang lo. A tam berte hi chu anmahni dodaltuten an vuahsak a nih a rinawm. An hming a hran ang hian an zirtirna pawh a danglam a ni.
Gnostic pawl hrang hrangte hian zirtirna inang lo fe fe zirtir bawk mah se inan tlânna tak an nei vek a. Chuvangin an pawl hming ṭheuha koh ni lovin Gnostic pawlho tia hriat an ni ber. An vaiin GNOSIS (Hriatna) hi an chawisang em em vek a. chung  gnosis chu an zir avanga an neih a ni lo va, hriattirna an dawn avang emaw inlarna an hmuh avang emawa an neih a ni zawk a ni. An tan chuan  PISTIS (Rinna)chu hriatna  aiin a pawimawh lo zawk a; chuvang chuan an tan Pathian rin tih te hian awnzia a nei lo a ni. An gnosis chu sawi chhuah phâk rual loha ropui a ni, amah ringawt pawhin tlanna famkim a tling hial a ni. Valentinian-ho chuan gnosis chu kawng hnihin an hrilhfiah a:
i)gnosis chu chhung lam, mihring thlarau tlanna a ni a, taksa leh thil dang a tlan tel lo.
Ii)gnosis chuan zawhna reng reng chhanna a nei nghal vek a ni. Gnostic-ho chuan tutenge kan nih leh, eng anga awm nge kan nih tih te, khawia awm nge ka nih a, khawiah tak hian nge tihthluka kan awm tih te, tlan tawh mek kan  nih lai hian khawi lam pana hmanhmawh zel tur nge kan nih tih te, piantharna chu eng nge a nih chiah tih te hi an hre vek a ni.
Gnostic-ho chu thlarau mite an ni a, khawvelah hian taksa leh thlrau neia an lo awm dan an hria. Chung lam thlarau khawvel hmunah khian an awmṭhin a, mahse he sualna khawvel, ṭha leh ṭha lo hriatna hmunah paihthlakin an awm a. Vanneihthlak takin anmahni nihna tak inhriatna an nei leh thei hlauh va. Chu mi avang chuan khawvel aṭanga tlan chhuah an nih an hre leh a, an awmna chung lam van hmunah chuan kir leh mekin an insawi ṭhin. Khawvelah hian kan piang nawn leh a ni, an ti.
Engtinnge miin Gnostic a ni tih a inhriat? A inhriat miau avangin. Hriattirna emaw, inlarna emaw a dawn avangin ama nihna dik tak a hre thei a ni. Sakhaw dang  zirtirnaah chuan Pathianin dinhmun laili ber a chang a, Gnostic-ho erawh chuan Pathian aiin ‘Mahni’ an dah lal ber a ni.
Gnostic zirtirna tlangpui tawi tein lo chhui ila:
I. A bika inlârna :
Gnostic-ho chuan midang aia hriatna kimchang zawk an dawn chu an chhuang hle a ni. A bika in lârna an dawn ṭhin hi an phu vang ni lovin pek an nih vang a ni a. Pawl hrang hrangin chu inlârna emaw a bika hriattirna an dawn ṭhin lo kalna bul an sawi dan a dang. |henkhat chuan Krista hnen aṭnga dawngin an insawi a, ṭhenkhat dang leh chuan zirtirte pek angin an insawi thung. Engpawh ni se heng inlârnate hi tu hnen aṭang emaw chuan dawng vekin an insawi.
II. Pathian pahnih chungchang :
Pathian pahnih, a ṭha leh sual awmin an sawi a. Hei hi Gnostic pawl tinte zirtir dani. Pathian ṭha chu Pathian chungnung ber tiin an vuah, “Famkimna leh Ênna hmun (Pleroma) ah chuan a awm a. Pathian chu mi ṭha leh thlarau a ni a. Thil ṭha lo leh sual rêng rêng khawvel hmuh theih leh khawih theiha awm hi chu Pathian kut chhuak a ni thei lo a. Ani chu thlarau a nih avangin hriat phâk loh leh famkim a ni. Pathian dang leh chu hnathawktu (Demiurge) an vuan a. A chênna hmun chu sual leh thim lalna ram (Kenoma) an ti a. Khawvel thil hmuh theih leh khawih theih siamtu hi a ni. Ṭhenkhat chuan Pathian chhiahhlawh angin an sawi a, a ṭhen erawh chuan Pathian hmelma berah an sawi thung. Judate Pathian hi a ni e,” ti an awm bawk.
III. Isua Krista an rin dan :
Kristian Gnostic-te chuan Isua Krista chu chhandamtuah an pawm ve tho va. Mahse Krista mihringa a chan thu chu mak takin an zirtir. Anni tan chuan Isua Krista chu thlarau a nih avangin he khawvel sual hmunah hian a lo kal theiin an ring lo. Taksa dik tak pawh a nei lo a. Mahse mihring zinga inhriattir a ṭul avangin mihring Isua taksain a rawn inlâr tir a. Mihring Isua baptisma a chan lai khan he chhandamtu hi a lo chhuk a, krossa khenbeh a nih hma khan a chhuahsan leh a ni, an ti. An vaiin chhandamtu chu a piang hek lo va, a thi thei bawk hek lo, an ti.
IV. Mihring chungchang :
Gnostic-ho chuan mihringte hi pawl thumah an ṭhen hrang a. Hetiangin :-
i)Tisa mi
Ii) Rilrua hriat theihna nei mi
Iii) Thlarau mi
Gnostic-ho zirtir dan chuan Kristian tam berte chu a pawl hnihnaa mite khi an ni a, Ênna rama lut tura chiang sate chu Gnostic-hote chauh hi an ni. Khawngaihnain rilrua hriat theihna nei mite pawh tlema zâng chu an luh ve an beiseipui. Taksa thawhlehna hi chu Gnostic pawl zawng zawngin an ring lo.
V.  Pathian lehkhabu chungchang :
Juda Gnostic pawl dang zawng chuan Thuthlung Hlui hi an pawm lo. Thuthlung Thar an hman dan pawh Kristian hmasate nen an inang lo. Chanchinṭha bu-a Thuthlung Hlui thu sawi chhawnna lai apiang an paih vek a ni.
VI. Nun dan tur chungchang :
Khawvela nun dan tur thu-ah Gnostic-ho chu pawl hnih angin an kal a. Pawl khat chuan serh leh sâng an nei lo. Grik-ho zirtirna nen inan deuhna an nei. Tisa thilin thlarau nun khawih buai pha loin an ngai. Pawl dang leh chuan tisa nawmchenna lam rêng rêng an mal mâk vek thung. Nupui pasal inneih te an khap a, ei leh in tur lam thlengin an insum nasa hle a ni.
Gnostic zirtirnain Kohhran a nghawng dan :
Gnostic zirtirna hian Kohhran a tihbuai zual lai ber chu kum 135 aṭanga 160 vel lai kha a ni. Kohhran hruaituten namen lova an do avangin he zirtirna hian hma a sawn zel thei ta lo a ni. Kohhranin Gnostic zirtirna a do dan sawi i la.
He zirtirna dik lo hian Kohhran chu a thurin tichiang turin a nawr.
b) Kohhran chhung aṭangin Gnostic zirtirna dik lohzia tarlang tur leh rinna humhim turin mi ropui tak tak an chhuah phah. Ireneus-a te, Justin Martar-a  te, Tertullian-a te, Origen-a te leh midang tam takin Kohhran humin theih tawp an chhuah a ni. Lehkhabu tam tak an ziak phah a ni.
c) Gnostic zirtirtu Marcion-an Pathian lehkhabu a phuah khawm te leh Apokrifa lam lehkhabu tam tak a awm ṭanna chuan Kohhran hruaitute Pathian  lehkhabu-a pawm tur chin lehkhabute thlan felna kawngah a hmanhmawhtir.
d) Gnostic zirtirna chuan kawng tam takah Kohhran tibuai mahse, Kohhranho tifimkhurtu leh tipumkhattu a ni.

Source : Kohhran hmasa chanchin, Rev. Lalchhuanliana, Published by Aizawl Theological Collage, Aizawl. 1979

THUPUI HAWNGTU (Nilai & Beihrual)

THUPUI HAWNGTU
K. Lalfakawma

Mizoram Synod hnuaia kohhranhote hian Kohhran Pathian Biak Inkhawmah hian Thupui hawn leh sawihona neia  hun hman hi kan kalphung pakhat a ni mek a. Chu hun chu Nilai zan leh Beihrual Thupui kan zir zan hian kan hmang tlangpui ṭhin a.

Lectern aṭanga thupui hawngtu hi ṭawngṭai ve tur nge ṭawngṭai loh tur tihah hian thupui hawngtute an buai ve viau ṭhin a lo ni a. Hemi chungchanga kan kohhran hruaitu hmasaten min lo kalpui tawh dan hi tlem sawi kan tum ang a.

Mizoram Synod hnuaia kan Kohhran kalphung chhui nasa leh ziak loh dan tih lehkhabu hial ziaktu Rev. Z.T. Sangkhuma(L) chuan Kum 2011-a Ziak loh Dan lehkhabu a siam phek 13-naah chuan hetiang hian thupui hawn dan chungchang  a lo ziak a. "Thupui hawngtu hian tih dik loh an nei fo mai. Thupui hawng tura ruat ni si, ṭawngṭai hauh lote, Thupui hawngtuin sawi belh hlek lova a chhiar chhuah ringawtte hi a dik lo. Thupui hawngtu chu a tir lamah emaw, a tawp lamah emaw a hun hman dan chu ṭawngṭaiin a titawp thlap tur a ni," tiin a lo ziak a.

Heta ṭang hian Tun hmaa Nilai zan leh Beihrual thupui hawngtute lo tih ṭhin dan thui tak min hriattir ngei niin alang. Kan senior Minister, Presbyterian Kohhran Kalphung tuipui em em maiin khitiang tak mai a, Nilai zan thupui hawngtute ṭawngṭai tura a lo ngai nghet a nih chuan thupui hawngtute ṭawngṭai hi kan kalphung pangngai chu a ni zawk mai lo maw tih hi a ngaihtuah theih mai awm e. Kan Pastor-te pawhin min lo kalpui tawh dan kha a inang vek lo niin alang. Amaherawh chu kan Senior Minister ten hetianga ziak meuha an lo dah a nih chuan Nilai zan thupui hawngtute ṭawngṭai ngei hi kan kalphung a lo ni zawk em aw tiin a ngaihtuah theih awm e.

Pathian biak inkhawm hruaina bu thar berah hi chuan Thupui hawngtu chu a ṭawngṭai tur a ni tih a awm lova. Hetiang hian a inziak a, "Thupui hawngtu chuan kaihhruaina chhiar chhuakin, a pawimawh lai sawi zau thei se," tiin a  inziak a.

Rev. Z.T. Sangkhuma  ngaihdanah khian Kohhran Pathian Biak Inkhawma mipui hmaa ding chhuak meuhva chanvo neitu, thua rawngbawltu leh kohhran chawmtu pawimawh tak  chu ṭawngṭai ngei tura ngaihna lian tak a awm ngei niin a lang.

Hemi chungchangah hian kei pawhin kan Synod hnuaia kan Minister senior pensioner pali ka zawt a. ka zawh zinga pathumte hi chuan ṭawngṭai turah an ngai a. Pakhat chuan Inkhawm hruaina buah hian a awm lo bawk a, a duh ṭawngṭaia, a ṭul ti lem lo chu an ṭawngṭai kher lo a nih pawhin a pawi vak lem lo ang tiin min chhang bawk a. Zawt zau zel ta ila engtin nge min chhan zel ang tih erawh hriat a chakawm khawp mai.

Mizoram Presbyterian Kohhran Pathian Biak Inkhawmah hian chanvo changtuten kan hmaa ṭawngṭai an awm avanga ṭawngṭai tawh loh mai hi kan kalphung chu a ni chiah lo. Call to Worship-ah hruaitu a ṭawngṭai ngei ngei a, hruaitu a ṭawngṭai tawh avangin ṭantuin kan hruaitu a ṭawngṭai tawh avangin ka ṭawngṭai tawh lo mai ange kan ti ngai lova.

Inkhawm hruaitu phei chuan mi dang a sawm loh phei chuan thawhlawm awm zanah phei chuan thawhlawm hlan nen vawi hnih a ṭawngṭai ngei a ngai ṭhin. Hruaitu ngeiin mi dang sawm kual lova thawhlawm a hlan ngei hi kan kalphung  pangngai zawk niin a lang bawk.

Thuhriltu pawh thua Kohhran chawmtu atana serh hran a ni a, Bible chhiar bakah ṭawngṭai ngei hi kan tihdan pangngai niin a lang. Inkhawm hruaitute, ṭantuten an lo ṭawngṭaipui tawh a nih pawhin Thuhril hmaa ṭawngṭai ngei hi kan kalphung pangngai niin alang.

Kan kohhran pakhata thupui hawngtu pakhat chuan thupui a hawn dawn hian a ṭawngṭai ngai lova, "Chairman leh ṭantu an ṭawngṭai tawh thova, ka ring nghal mai ange," tiin a thupui hawn hmain a sawi ziah ṭhin a. Miin an ngai ho angreng ṭhin khawp mai.

Kohhran Pathian biak inkhawma ṭawngṭai hian  kan chanvo leh mawhphurhna kan ngaihhlut leh ngaihhlut loh dan thui tak a hriat theih niin a lang bawk.

Ṭawngṭai hi Presbyterian Kohhran hian kan ngai pawimawh khawp mai a. Tihtakzetna, Urhsunna, Puithuna a keng tel a. Kohhran pawl dang ṭhenkhat anga mi thiamte phuah sa ringa chham mai ṭhin kan ni ve lova. Rilru tak tak hmanga ṭawngṭai ṭhin kohhran kan ni a. Ṭawngṭai hi Pathian nena kan inzawmna pawimawh tak a ni a. Kan thu zirte sawtpui nana kan hman theihna turte, kan hriatthiam loh kan hriat fiah theihna tur te, thlarau lamah sawtna leh ṭhanlen nana kan hman theihna tura Pathian ṭanpuina kan dilna hun a nih avangin ṭawngṭai hi chu kan ngaipawimawh reng tur a ni ang.

Inkhawm hruaina bu lamah hi chuan thupui hawngtute an ṭawngṭai ngei tur a ni tih a awm lo ngei mai a. Chutiang bawkin Thuhriltute pawh an ṭawngṭai ngei tur a ni tih a awm chuang lova, a tlangpuiin thuhriltute chu kan ṭawngṭai zel thova. Pulpit-a din chhuah hnua ṭawngṭai ngai lo pawh an awm thova. Thupui hawngtute hi Thuhriltu tih lovah chuan Kohhran Pathian Biak Inkhawma Thua rawngbawltu pawimawh tak, thua kohhran chawmtu pawimawh tak an ni a. Hetiang taka rawngbawltu pawimawh te hi chuan kan mawhphurhna pawimawh zia leh zahawmzia kan hriatna aṭang chuan Kohhran Pathian Biak Inkhawm urhsun taka kan tih awm leh awm loh hi chu kan hrethiam mai awm e.

NANGMAH ANG VEK NI TA SE

Group pakhata zawhna pakhat ka hmuh hmangin keimah chu ka inzawt a. I lawina kohhran chu nangmah ang vek ni ta se, in kohhran chu engang chiah nge a nih ang? tih hi a ni.

Keimah ang vek an nih a, kan kohhran dinhmun tur ka han mitthla chuan kohhran chu a nasa lo hle mai. A tlusawp titih deuh dêr mai. He zawhna darthlalang ațanga ka inen hian ka tê zual chawpchilh nghal rawih rawih mai. He zawhna thuziak hma a han din chhin chuan hawi chhuah ngamna chi a nilo thei hial mai.

Mahse, Pathianin theihna leh thiamna apek țheuhte Lalpa kohhran tana an inpekna chu Pathianin mal a sawma kohhran a lo ropui mai a lo ni tih hi kei, kohhran tana hnemhnanna neilo, inkhawm ve thei sawih sawih chauh hian ka ngaihtuah rauh rauh țhin.

I lawina kohhran chu nangmah ang vek ni ta se la, in kohhran chu engang chiah nge a nih ang?

KJV LEH BSI BIBLE

KUTZIAKBU  HLUI “B” leh “ALEPH”  CHHUINA   (Chhiar peih tan)

Thanhlira, 9436360646 &
B. Lallianthanga, 9402196757

            Wescott-a leh Hort-a te theory zuitute ṭanchhan kutziak bu hlui (manuscripts) te chu B leh Aleph hi an ni deuh ber a, Aleph chu Codex Sinaiticus a ni a, B chu Codex Vaticanus a ni a, Vatican Library-a awm a ni. Hengte hi hawrawp inzawm veka ziah (uncials) an ni a, kum zabi 4-na (A.D. 350) lai vela mi nia rin an ni.

Sinai Manuscript (Aleph) hi Sinai tlânga St. Cathrine Monastery a awm puithiamhoin thlasik meilum ai nana (waste basket) an lo dah khawm mai mai, phek 129 emawa chhah a ni a. German mi Tischendorf-a chu theology lama liberal (rationalist) ni mahse, Grik text bu hlui dapkhawmtu a nih ve ṭhin avangin Sinai tlânga puithiamte awmna monastery ami chu tuah ral mai mai ai chuan leiah a dil a; mahse a ngaihhlut leh huam dan an lo hmuhin engemaw tak a nih dawn hi, tiin, tuah ral mai tura an hnawl tawh mah nise, chuti maia pek an phal ta lo va, an indawr fe hnuah chuan phek 43 chu a leisak thei ta  hram a ni.
Tischendorf-a chu lawm em emin a haw ta vang vang a. Grik Bible a lo edit tawh sa chu a thil lei thar kutziakbu hlui corrupt tawh hmang chuan a edit ṭha leh a, hmun tam takah a tidanglam ta bawk a ni.

Tichuan, tun laia mithiam tam takin Grik mss hlui leh rintlak leh ṭha bera an ngaih “B” leh “Aleph” chungchanga Tischendorf-an report a pekna chu Cecil J. Cater-an, The Oldest and the Best Manuscripts-How Good are They? tia lehkhabu a ziahah chuan, hmun “15,000 tih danglamna a awm” tih a hmu chhuak. Chutiang a nih chuan, atir bera Bible ziaktute ziah ang ni tawh lova, hmun 15,000 laia tihdanglam tawh Bible chu rinchhan tlak a ni thei tawh dawn em ni? Chu chang ni lovin, he B leh Aleph te hi Thuthlung Thar (NT) pumah hmun 17,000 velin an inang ta lo a. Liberal theologian ṭhenkhatin, ‘Bible khawih chingpen a awm lo, danglamna tlemte chauh a awm, an ti tih hi, United Bible Society leh kan BSI innghahna chu a lo ni ta a, a vanduaithlak kher mai.

Historical evidence 37 meuhva text issue chhuitu Grik leh Hebrai professor D.A Waite-an, B leh Aleph te Sinai tlâng puithiamhoin an dah vel mai maina chhan a chhui chhuah dan hi ngaihnawm takin a ziaka, a tawi zawngin sawi ila,“He kutziakbu hlui neitute hian mi kalsualten an khawih chingpen tawhzia an hre chiang em em a; Wescott-a leh Hort-a te innghahna B leh Aleph hi a hlui ber leh ṭha ber an ni awzawng love, kum hei leh chen him piala a lo la awmna chhan hi kohhran hmasaten hman tlak lohva an ngaih avangin an lo hman lohva, an lo hnawl avang te, rinna lama kalsualte khawih chingpen tawh a ni tih an lo hriat avanga an hluihlawn tawh avang te, an lo dah ṭhatna Aigupta ram sik leh sa, boruak awm danin a vawn him vang chauh a ni tih hi zirtute hmuh dan a ni; kohhran hmasa berte khân lo hmang ta se, an chhe vek tawh zawk ang” a ti a ni.

A vanduai thlakna lai ber chu Westcott-a leh Hort-a te chuan heng corrupteh text B leh Aleph aṭang hian Bible thar an rawn duang chhuak ta a, chuta ṭang chuan modern version chi hrang hrang a lo piang ta a ni.

Hort-a Thuhmahruai  Vâkvai
Kan tarlan fo tawh Hort-a hian Grik Bible Thuthlung Thar 1881 kuma an chhuah thuhmahruai a ziahnaah chuan tihian a sawi, “B leh Aleph te pahnih hi an inang a nih chuan dikah ka pawm a; an inan loh erawh chuan B nena inang manuscript dang pakhat ka hmuh theih hunah, chu chu dikah ka pawm leh ang; tichuan B nena inang manuscript dang ka hmu lo a nih chuan B chauh hi a tawkah ka ngai mai ang,” a ti a.

Heta Hort-a thuhmahruai nuihzatthlak tak hi, a awmzia chu, B hi a duh zawka a thlang sa diam tawh tih chu a chiang reng a. Mahse B a dik zawk tia nemnghettu text dang reng reng a awm chuang lo tih hi Hort-a ṭanchhan rintlak lohzia tifiahtu-ah a lo ṭang ta. Hort-an B kher kher a Sahuai thing vawn tlatna chhan zawk chu German rationalistic philosophy-in a bual-ât tlat tawh vang a ni ber.

German liberal theologian J.J. Griesbach [1745-1812] leh a thurualpui mi pathum theory vawrh chhuah chu: ‘A hlui ber, A har ber, A tawi ber,’ tih hi kutziakbu hlui ber ni turin ngaihdan an chher chhuak a. Chu theory chu a hnua Bible critics-ten Luka ziak ai pawha rintlaka an ngaih a lo ni ta. Chu theory chuan Hort-a leh Westcott-a te leh an ṭhuihruai liberal critics (theologian) te rilru a bual-ât tawh tlat avangin Hort-a te ṭhian dunin thiamna lama a zah em em, an hun laia scholar ropui ber: F.H.A. Scrivener, John William Burgon, Edward Miller, Herman Charles Hoskier leh an ṭhian tam takin Hort-a te hi an theory rintlak loh chungchangah an zilh ṭhin a, ṭawngkam na deuhte pawhin an khak bawk ṭhin.

F.H.A. Scrivener, John William Burgon-a ho zilhhauna hi Hort-a te khan an chhanglêt ngam hauh lo nain, an theory kha a dik emaw, dik lo emaw, an lo vuan nghet laklawh tawh si a, an hnungzuitu tam takin dik emaw tiin an lo lachhawng ve zel bawk si nen, inhnuhdawh a rem tawh si lo va; ngawihah an chuh ta ringawt mai a ni. A vanduaithlakna lai ber erawh chu, Hort-a THUHMAHRUAI vâkvai chu UBS leh kan BSI te innghahna thuhnara a lo chang ta hi a ni.

Kan thil chhui mêk nen a inkaihhnawih tlat avangin kan Mizo Parallel Bible thuhmahruai pawh lo en ve ila:
Khawvel pum kohhran chanchina la awm ngai miah lo, dawt hmanga, “Syrian Recension” emaw “Lucan Recension” ti zawnga Khawvel pum kohhran zawng zawng bumtu, Hort-a’n  nemnghettu nei lo thuhmahruai a ziah pawh innghah nan kan hmang duh a nih chuan, Mizo Parallel Bible (PB) thuhmahruai hi zawng, khawvel huap Biblical scholar te research-a innghahna nghet tak nei chungin a thuhmahruai a ziak a ni a; hei, kum khat chuang zet a lo ni ta; tun thlengin a sawiseltu leh dotute hian he thuhmahruaia point te hi an la let-thla thei chuang lo a nih hi maw! Ṭan rawn la leh deuh teh se tih hi kan cho letna a ni e.

Khawvel ram hrang hranga Zo hnahthlak kohhran tam takte pawhin PB hi an hmang deuh vek ta, a bikin USA, Canada leh Asia khawmual ram tam takah te hian. Social media leh Facebook velah te pawh Zoram khawvela Zo hnahthlak group mail zawng zawng deuh thawah an pu darh nasa a. Hmanni lawkah pawh Rangoon Mizo (Chin) Society Fellowship-ah pawh kohhran hruaitu zawng zawng chuan PB hi an lei deuh vek tawh, tih chanchinte kan lo hria a ni.

Zomi Tapong ṭawng leh Hakha tawnga KJV letlingtu phei chuan PB hi an entawn ber a ni ta. PB duhawmzia hahipin Zomi (Chin) international-ah an lawmzia an au chhuahpui thawm a ring hle a, Zo hnahthlak Bible college tam takah chuan PB thuhmahruai phei chu history zirnaahte an hmang nasa tawh bawk.

Tichuan UBS leh BSI te ngaihsan em em Wescott-a leh Hort-a te ṭanchhan B leh Aleph te hi kutziakbu hlui ber an nih lohzia chu, kohhran pâte lehkha-thawn kan ziah tawh tamtak zinga pakhat Ignatius-a kha A.D 110-ah a thi a; a lehkha ziahnaa a lo hman Bible bung leh châng te chu Received Text/TR (KJV bulpui) ami vek an lo ni, tih pawh kan tarlang leh hram ang e.

Textus Receptus/TR  Ve Thung

He TR (KJV bulpui) hi Grik text dang zawng zawng aia a rinawm zawkzia chu, Grik text dang hi chuan sâp ṭawnga an lehlin hian thumal 288 lai hi thil buaithlak tak tak a awm tlat mai a; felfai taka lehlin a ni thei ngai meuh lo. Chutih laiin he TR-ah hi chuan thumal buaithlak a awm ve miah lo hi thil mak tak zawng a ni ngei mai. Grik Text dang zawng zawngah chuan hmun 400 laiah kan Lalpa chawimawina hi an hmaih bâkah Pathian hming ngei mai hi 210 laiah an hmaih bawk; hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan Pathian hming an hmaihna hi pawi lutuk loahte pawh a ngaih theih a; mahse hmun zahnih (200) zet han hmaih hi zawng Pathian pawisawina lian ber a ni hial awm e.

Kohhran pawisawi kan hlauh em em lain, kan Bible hman mêk ṭhenkhatin Pathian pawi an sawi natsatzia hi text issue debate-in haichhuah a tum ber chu a nih vangin chu tak mai chu kan han tarlan ṭhina chhan tak pawh a ni; fimkhur hle siin, kan khúr (Bible) erawh a fimlo thei tlat. Tui-nunglui fimtakin HIV pungchho zel hi tidam mawlh rawh se.

Bodmer Papyri (papyrus 66)-ahte pawh TR (KJV bulpui) Byzantine chhung thu hi a ṭhen a zâr chauh ni lovin tam tak a lo ni zawk. Chu chang ni lovin  Papyri  45, 46, 66, 75 te pawhin TR (Byzantine) hi an thlawp vek a ni, tih thu thlengin khawvel huapa mithiam ropui Bruce M. Metzger-a (liberal-ho ngaihsan em em) ngei pawhin points 23 laiin a tarlang ta hial mai le.##

KING JAMES VERSION NGE MODERN VERSION.”

By Thanhlira, New Secretariat Complex, 9436360646

Apostol Petera leh Johana te hun laia Juda sakhaw hruaitu lawk tak takte leh a fawng vuantute khan Pathian Lehkhabu Thianghlim chu a nihna ang taka an pawm loh avangin, Petera leh Johana kal tlanga Pathian hnathawh ropui kha nasa takin an dodal a. An Bible tanchhan leh an sawite kha “Keini pawhin kan hnial thei si lo” an ti a. Chu chu hre reng mahsela, anmahni aia lar tur leh mipui hnena thu tak hrilh thei zawk turte chu dodalin, “Isua hminga thu sawi tawp loh tur leh zirtir tawp loh tur an ti tlat a.” Nimahsela, Petera leh Johana khan, “Keini zawng thil kan hmuh leh kan hriatte kha sawi lovin kan awm thei lo,” an ti a. (Tirhkohte 4:13-20)

Thuthlung Hlui Hebrai tawnga ziak chu B.C 250 vel khan Greek tawngin an letling a. Chu chu Septuagint an ti a. Chu chu a tirah chuan, Helenistic Jews chhiar atana an tih deuh bik a ni a. Chutia tawng chi hniha Pathian Lehkhabu Thianghlim chu ziaka a lo awm avang chuan, Pathian Thu hriatna chu hnam hrang hrang zingah a lo darh zau ta hle mai a. Chu chu Pathian duh dan a ni a.

Tawng chi hrang hranga Bible siam chhuah a lo nih dan: Pathian Lehkhabu Thianghlim Greek tawnga kut ziaka an lo dah (Manuscripts) hmuh theiha la awm mek chu Volume 5225 a ni a. Chung zinga 45 chu kimchang lo tak an nih avangin, Minority Text an ti a. Inang tlang deuh thup 5180 chu Majority Text an ti a. Bible letlingtuten Sources hrang hrang an neih avang chuan 18th Century A.D atang daih tawh khan thu inchuh leh ngaih dan inpersan a lo awm tan tawh a. Inhnialna nasa tak rawn tichhuaktute zingah chuan, mahni ngaih dana New Testament rawn ti chhuak ve ringawt tu, Westcott & Hort-a te chu a hnar kaitu an ni a. Anni pahnih kha Church of England emaw, King James Versions 1611-a an lo tih chhuah tawh, kum 270 tal tap, khawvelin Pathian thawkkhum Bible tia an lo pawm tawh Revised tura tih an ni reng reng lo a. Chuti chung chuan, King James Bible leh a dang dang entawn tho siin, (Revised Version) New Testament chu 1881 khan an rawn ti chhuak ve thawr mai a. Chu tak chu Bible translations tih chingpenna lama a Kaikuang tak chu a ni.

Thil duhawm lo tak mai chu, Westcott & Hort te thian dunin 1881-a Revised Version an rawn tih chhuah khan, New Testament bikah hian thu mal 887 an paih a. 1952-a Revised Standard Version an rawn tih chhuah khan, New Testament ringawtah thu mal 1716 vel an paih leh ta cheu mai a. Chu chu khawp kham lovin, 1995 chho a New Revised Standard version an rawn tih chhuah lehah khan, New Testament ringawtah pawh thu mal 2922 vel an rawn paih ta a. NRSV-ah chuan, Isaia 7:14-a “Nula thianghlim chu a rai ang a,” tih te kha duh ta lovin, (Nula chuan nau a pai ang a) ti chauhvin an dah ta a. Chu mai chu a ni lo a, Thuthlung Thar kan chhiar chuan, Majority Greek Text leh King James Version-ah hian “Nula thianghlim” tih vawi 14 kan hmu ve ve a. NRSV erawh chuan, chung zinga 11 chu a paih hmiah a. Chu chu tunlaia Modernist leh Liberal Theologians hovin hum him tuma an buaipui luai luai chu a ni a. Zoram Kristiante hi kan harh a hun tawh takzet a ni.

Bible an lehlinna atana an sources a hran avang chuan, 18th Century A.D atang daih tawh khan King James Only tih leh Modern Versions based on Wescott & Hort tanchhana inhnialna chu a lo piang daih tawh a. Chanchinbu leh Magazines lamah pawh na tak taka inbeihna te pawh an lo ti chhuak thin a. Kohhran atanga mi nihna hlih sak emaw, inphuar zawnga an hrem erawh chu Mizoram Presbyterian Church bak hi an awm ka hre lo!

King James Bible tobul: 15th Century hma lam khan England lal reng rengin Bible lehlin an khap bur thin a. Chutiang karah chuan AD 1525 vel khan William Tyndale-an Thuthlung Thar chu English-in a letling a.  A bua chhuah a tum lai chuan, England lalin nasa taka a dodal avangin, German ramah a bibo a. William Tyndale-a New Testament tih chhuah tlemte chu AD 1526 khan England ramah tih thlen a ni a. England lal chuan, a Uisathiam rual (Tunlaia Scotland Yard; Metropolitan Police Service) ho ang maia thil zawn thiamho chu tirin, William Tyndale-a chu Germany ram atang chuan a mantir a. AD 1536 khan England ramah an hal hlum a; a thih hmaa a thu sawi duh ber an sawitir, tawngkam hriatreng tlak tak mai chu: “Lord, open the king of England's eyes.” “Lalpa, England lal mit timeng ang che,” tiin.

A tawngtaina chu Pathianin a chhang a. England lal, King James chuan Sap tawnga Bible lehlin a phal ta “Authorised” a. Chuta tang chuan, sap tawnga Bible lehlin khapna chu hlih a lo ni ta a ni. Khawvel pum huapa English Bible chhuak tawh zawng zawnga KIMCHANG BER leh Majority Text kher entawna ziak chu,  “King James Version” hi a ni tih chu khawvel ram tina Sap tawng hmangtute chuan an hre chiang em em a. King James Version hi tute pawhin rawn sawichhe mahsela, Bible Society hringtu leh The Gideons hovin Bible an sem tam ber a ni tih lo hre phawt ila. Mary Jones-in, “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path”  “I thu hi ka ke atante hian khawnvar a ni a, Ka kawng atan eng a ni,” tih thu a hriatna Bible pawh kha King James Version kher hi a ni a. Isaia 1:2 “Aw vante u, ngaithla ula, aw leilung, beng chhi rawh, LALPA chuan thu a sawi e: “Fanaute ka chawmin ka tiseilian a, ka chungah an hel ta si a,” tih ang maiin, Bible Society hringtu King James Version that zia leh kimchan zia chu bih chiang duh lovin, Modern Versions ziaktute chuan, an Bible entawn (Revised Version) aia kum 270 a upa lakah chuan an hel ta si a. Chu chu a bih chiang tute chuan pawi kan ti takzet a ni.
Mizo tawng hian 1959 khan Bible kan nei tan ve chauh a. Chutah chuan, KJV letling lovin, 1885 ami Revised Version leh 1952 a tihchhuah RSV, “Critical Texts” zawk chu an letling a. An entawnah chuan, Majority Text leh King James Bible Thuthlung Thara awm sa chang 13-16 an paih a. Chang 300 chuang an khawih danglam bawk a. King James Version hi Mizo tawnga hman turin Bible Society hian a la ti chhuak ngai lo a ni. Bible Society kut chhuaka Bible thu mal an paih fo zingah chuan, “Krista; thisen; Nula thianghlim; Isua; Chhandamna Ki; etc an ni.”

Mizo OV leh Mizo CL te entawn chu a vaia dik lo ni lovin, zaa 90 chuang mah chu King James Version zul zuia ziak an ni a. KJV a awm thin kha, NIV chuan chang 16 an paih (deleted) hmiah a. RSV hian chang 13 an paih hmiah bawk a. NIV leh ESV thu kim lohna hi Petera Lehkhathawn 1 & 2 thu zat vel a ni e, an ti hial a ni. BSI hian Mizo (Lushai) O.V leh Mizo (Lushai) C.L) a ti chhuak a.  An entawn hi Revised Version; Revised Standard Version leh New Revised Version leh an zawlpuite an ni a. O.V hian an entawn an sawi fumfe lo a. C.L hian Good News Bible / Today’s English Version / New Revised Standard Version an zul deuh a. An hotu pa ber erawh chuan, Hebrai leh Greek tawng chauh ena an lehlin niin min hrilh a. A letlingtute zinga a tam berte chu an la dam a. Hebrai leh Greek tawng chauh en a, Mizo tawnga Bible han letling tur chu an ni vekin ka hre lo!! BSI emaw, SYNOD emaw hian a khawi zawk hi nge kan rin tur tih min hrilh lo lehnghal a. A bu chhung thu leh tawng kau chheh hi a danglam tluan chhuak deuh vek a. Chu tak chu an kut chhuak pawm ti harsa tu a ni a. King James Version hi vawi 5 chuang revised tawh ni mahsela, Modern versions anga duhdah taka Bible thu mal leh chang 13 chuang paih an ching ve ngai lo a. A hun laia sap tawng tualleng ber zul zuia dah erawh chu an nei ve thin. (e.g Authorised King James Version leh King James Version thu mal hman an thlak danglam thenkhatte) (i) AKJV-vngodly- KJV-ungodly; (ii) AKJV-lewes- KJV-Jews; (iii) AKJV-borne againe KJV-born again (iv) AKJV-loued -KJV-loved.

New King James Version behchhana “Mizo-English Parallel Bible” kan lo nei ve ta hi kan hnam damna hnar a nih ka beisei ang bawka mi tam tak leh kohhran thenkhatten an lo lawm em em laiin,  Modern versions ngaisang tlat tuten dodal anga an lang tlat hi a mak lo e. “Setana meuh pawh eng tirhkohvah a insiam chawp si thin a,” tih a nih kha maw!

MIZO-ENGLISH PARALLEL BIBLE THAT BIKNA  ZIR CHIANG RAWH LE:

Mizo-English Parallel Bible: Genesis 22:8 Abrahama chuan, “Ka fapa, Pathianin halral atana hlan tur beram no chu a ngaihtuah mai ang,” a ti a…. Mizo (Lushai) O.V Reference: Tin, Abrahama chuan, “Ka fapa, Pathianin ama tana halral thilhlan tur beram no chu a ngaihtuah chawp mai ang chu,” a ti a:… Comment: Parallel Bible chuan, Abrahama inthawina tur kha Pathianin a ngaihtuah sak dawn tih min hrilh a. Chu chu Johana 1:29 nen an inmil thlap a. Mizo OV chuan, ‘Pathianin ama tana halral thilhlan tur beram no a ngaihtuah chawp ngai angin a ziak a.’” “Inthawina hlantu kha Abrahama nge Pathian, a chiang lo a ni!!

Parallel Bible: Isaia 7:14 Chuvangin, Lalpa ngei chuan chhinchhiahna a pe ang che u; ngai teh u, nula thianghlim pakhat a rai ang a,... Mizo C.L chuan, “…nula chuan nau a pai ang a…” ti chauhvin a dah tawh a. Isua Krista hi Nula thianghlim hrin angin an zirtir tawh miah lo!! An footnote kha en la “Nau pai thei chin hmeichhia, pasal nei pawh a huam:” zuk ti a.!!!
Parallel Bible: Isaia 14:12 “Aw Lucifer, zinglam fapa! Engtizia nge van atangai i tlak chu le! … OV: “Aw ‘varparh,’ ‘zing lam fapa,’ engtizia nge van ata i tlak tak chu le! …..Comment: Parallel Bible hian, “Aw Lucifer” tiin ziak lo ta se - Setana chanchin ziakna a ni tih kan hre dawn miah lo!! Isua Krista chauh kha “Varparh” “Morning Star” a ni tih (Thupuan 2:28 leh 22:16)-ah kan hmu a. Mizo OV hian Setana paiha a awmna kha, Isua Krista zawk paih thlak angin a dah daih asin.!!
Parallel Bible: Daniela 3:25 “En mah teh u! …. a palina phei chu Pathian Fapa ang mai zu ni a,” a ti a.  Mizo OV: Ani chuan…. a palina lan dan phei chu pathiante fapa ang a ni,” a ti a. Comment: Parallel Bible chuan, Isua Krista nihna dik tak ziakin, “Pathian Fapa” a ti a. Petera paw’n, “Krista, Pathian nung Fapa chu i ni,” a ti a. “Mizo OV hian pathiante fapa a ti daih mai!!!!

Parallel Bible: Matthaia 9:13 “.... mi sualte lama, simtir tura lo kal ka ni asin,” Mizo OV: “.... mi sualte zawk lam tura lo kal ka ni asin,” Comment: Parallel Bible chuan, Isua lam “mi sual sim” tih a ziak kalh mai a. Mizo OV chuan, Isua lam kha “mi sualte” a ti a. Chuti a nih chuan, van ramah Terrorists ho an va dingchang mai awm ve?!!! Pian thar ngam chi a ni dawn em ni?!!

Parallel Bible: Marka 14:22 “La ula;  ei rawh u, hei hi ka taksa a ni,” a ti a. Mizo OV: “La rawh u;  hei hi ka taksa a ni,” a ti a. Comment: Parallel Bible chuan, chhang chu la a, ei turin a ti a.  Mizo OV chuan la tur chauhin a ziak a. Chhang chu kan la ringawt ang a, Pawnah kan paih dawn tihna em ni?!! Engtia tih tur nge?!!!

Parallel Bible: Luka 1:69 A chhiahhlawh Davida chhungkaw zingah chuan,“….Chhandamna ki (horn of salvation) a rawn tungding ta a. Mizo OV: A chhiahhlawh Davida chhungte zingah chuan Chhandamna ropui tak min siamsak a. Comemnt: Parallel Bible chuan, “Chhandamna Ki”  “Horn of Salvation” tiin a dah kalh mai a. Maicham ki nei lo chu Pathianin a pawm lo a. Mizo OV chuan, Thuthlung Thara Chhandamna ki awm chhun chu hnawlin, (Chhandamna ropui) (Great salvation) tiin a dah daih!!

Thuthlung Hluia  Maicham kha ropui hle mahsela, Ki nei lo chu Pathianin a pawm lo. Thuthlung Tharah chuan, Isua Krista Kraws hi Lalpa Pathianin kan Chhandamna ki atan min siamsak a. Keimahnin ran thisen kan tah ngai lovin, Isua Kristan a thisen thianghlim chu kan Chhandamna Ki-ah chuan min tahsak a ni. Chhandamna ropui ringawt a ni lo.

Parallel Bible: Luka 2:33 Nausen chungchang a sawi chu a nu leh Josefa chuan  mak an ti hle a. Mizo OV: Tin, nausen thu a sawi chu a nu leh a pa chuan mak an ti hle a. Comment: Naupangte Thuinchhanga “Isua pa tunge ni? tih chhanna atana Josefa tih hi Liberal Theologians ho duh dana tih a ni a.” A chhanna dik tak chu “Pathian” tih tur a ni. Liberal Theologians Pa Pakhat chuan, “Mi pa chi tel lovin mihring a pian theih loh” tiin a sawi a. Isua Krista pian dan thianghlim, Virgin Birth of Christ an pawm lo hulhual a. Mizo (Lushai) C.L Reedited phei chuan Isaia 7:14-a “Nula thianghlim” tih kha duh lovin, (Nula, young woman) tiin an thlak daih!! Pasal nei lai pawh a huam!!! tiin Footnote a ziak ngat a ni!!!

Parallel Bible: Tirhkohte 3:26 Pathianin a Fapa Isua chu a tungding a, in sualte hawisantir theuhva, malsawmsak tur che u in,  nangmahni hnenah a rawn tir hmasaber a nih hi,” a ti a. Mizo OV: Pathianin a Chhiahhlawh chu a ruat a, in sualte hawisantir theuhvin malsawmsak tur che uin, nangmahni hnenah a rawn tir hmasa ber a nih hi,” a ti a. Comment: Mizo OV hian Fapa Isua tih BYZ Majority Greek Text-a awm ngei chu an paih a. Chhiahhlawh hming nei lo pawm turin min  zirtir a nih hi!!
Parallel Bible: Rom 1:16 Krista Chanchin Tha  chu ka zahpui ... si lo va. Mizo OV: Chanchin tha  chu ka zahpui ... si lo va. Comment: Mizo OV hian Krista hming vawi 58 an paih a. “KRISTA” hming paih a nih chuan, tu chanchin tha nge?!! Paulan chanchin tha dang a awm a ti!!

Parallel Bible: Philippi 4:13 Mi tichaktu Krista-ah chuan engkim ka ti thei a ni. Mizo OV: Mi tichaktuah chuan engkim ka ti thei a ni. Comment: Parallel Bible chuan, Tirhkoh tichaktu kha “Krista” a ni tih chiang takin a ziak a. Mizo OV chuan, Tirhkoh tichaktu kha a ziak si lo a. Intihchaknan khan Drugs a lo hmang ve daih tawh tihna em ni?!!

Parallel Bible: 1 Timothea 6:19 chatuana nunna an vawn that theih nan, hun lo thleng tur atan nghahchhan tha khawlkhawm turin fuih rawh. Mizo OV: nunna, nunna taktak chu an vawn theih nan, hun lo thleng tur atan chuan lungphum tha tak an tana khawl khawm turin fuih rawh. Comment: Mizo OV hian, “Chatuana nunna” (eternal life) tih chu (nunna taktak) (life indeed) ti chauhvin a ziak a. Life indeed hian Eternal life /Everlasting life a kawh loh avangin, eng tin nge an thih hnuah an awm ang?!! (1 Petera 1:23 leh 2 Petera 2:17) ah pawh “Eternal life” an paih!!

Parallel Bible: 1 Johana 4:3 Thlarau engpawh Isua Krista tisain a lo kal tih a tan loh chuan Pathian laka mi a ni lo. Chu chu Krista-dodaltu thlarau, lo kal tur in hriata kha a ni e, tunah pawh khawvelah a awm tawh reng a ni. Mizo OV: thlarau engpawh Isua tan lo chu Pathian laka mi a ni lo ve; chu chu Krista dodaltu thlarau, lo kal tur in hriata kha a ni e; tunah pawh khawvelah a awm tawh reng a ni. Comment: Mizo OV chuan, Isua Krista mihringte hnena tisa pua a lo kal thu chuanna chu a paih daih a. Johana 1:14-a “Thu chu tisaah a lo chang a, kan zingah a awm ta a,…” tih kha an hnawl tihna em ni?!!!

Parallel Bible: 1 Johana 5:7 Vanah hriatpuitu pathum an awm: Pa leh Thu leh Thlarau Thianghlim te an ni: heng pathumte hi pakhat an ni. Mizo OV: Hriattirtu chu Thlarau hi a ni, Thlarau chu thutak a nih avangin. Comment : Mizo OV chuan, Trinity Thurin tanchhan pawimawhbera kan neih thin, “Pa leh Thu leh Thlarau Thianghlim chu pakhat an ni ” tih a lanna chang awmchhun chu an khawih danglam daih a. An khawih chingpen hi chuan, Trinity Thurin a kawk tlat lo!

Parallel Bible: Thupuan 20:9 “….van  atangin Pathian hnena mi meipui a lo sur a, a rawn kang hlum ta vek a. Mizo OV: “….van atangin mei a lo tla a, anni chu a kangral ta a. Comment: Mizo OV chuan, meipui kha tu hnen atanga rawn tla nge tih an ziak ve lo.

Parallel Bible: Thupuan 22:19 Mi tupawhin he hrilh lawkna lehkhabua mi thu a lak bo chuan, a chan tur Nunna Bua mi te Khaw Thianghlima a thil chan tur te leh he lehkhabua ziak a thil chan turte chu Pathianin a lak bosak ve ang. Mizo OV: Tin, tupawhin he hrilh lawkna lehkhabu thua mi thu a lak bo chuan, he lehkhabua ziak Nunna Thing leh Khaw Thianghlima a chan chu Pathianin a la bo ve ang. Comment: Parallel Bible hian, Pathianin a mite a chhinchhiahna Bu hming atan, “Nunna Bu” tiin a ziak a. Mizo OV hian, Nunna Thing tiin a thlak daih a. Chu chu Pathianin a mite hming a chhinchhiahna a ni lo!!

MIZO (LUSHAI) C.L. REEDITED BIBLE CHANG PAIHTE:
By Thanhlira, New Secretariat Complex, 9436360646

Matthaia : 17:21; 18:11; 21:44; 23:14; Chang 4 an paih hmiah.
Marka : 7:16; 9:44; 9:46; 11:26; 15:28; Chang 5 an paih hmiah.
Luka : 17:36; 23:17; Chang 2 an paih hmiah.
Johana : 5:4; Chang 1 an paih hmiah.
Tirhkohte : 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Chang 4 an paih hmiah.

Avaiin: Chang 16 an paih hmiah.

MIZO (LUSHAI) O.V. REEDITED BIBLE CHANG PAIHTE:
Matthaia : 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Chang 3 an paih hmiah.
Marka : 7:16; 9:44; 9:46; 11:26; 15:28; Chang 5 an paih hmiah.
Luka : 17:36; 23:17; Chang 2 an paih hmiah.
Johana : 5:4; Chang 1 an paih hmiah.
Tirhkohte : 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Chang 4 an paih hmiah.

Avaiin: Chang 15 an paih hmiah.

BIBLE CHANG 16 AN PAIHTE KHI I HRE CHAK EM?
Matthaia 17:21 “Nimahsela hetiang hi tawngtai leh chaw  nghei chauh  lo chuan a chhuak thin lo.”
Matthaia 18:11 “Boralte chhandam turin Mihring fapa hi a lo kal a ni reng a ni.”

Matthaia 21:44 “Tin, chu mi lung chunga tlu chu a keh sawm ang; a delh phei chu a rawt dip ang,” a ti a. (C.L only)

Matthaia 23:14 “Nangni lehkhaziaktu leh Pharisai vervekte u, in chung a pik e! Hmeithai sum in ei a, tlang bum nan rei tak in tawngtai si thin; chuvangin thiam loh in chang nasa lehzual ang,”

Marka 7:16 “Tupawhin hriatna tura beng an neih chuan hre rawh se”
Marka 9:44 “chutah chuan an lungte chu a thiin, an mei chu tihmihina awm ngai lo.”
Marka 9:46 “chutah chuan an lungte chu a thiin, an mei chu tihmihina awm ngai lo.”
Marka 11:26 “Nimahsela in ngaihdam si loh chuan, in Pa vana miin in bawhchhiatte a ngaidam bik lo vang.”
Marka 15:28 “Tichuan, ‘Bawhchhetute zinga chhiar telin a awm a,’tih Pathian Lehkhabu Thu hi a lo thleng ta a.”

Luka 17:36 “Mi pahnih lovah an awm ang a, pakhat chu kal bopuiin a awm ang a, pakhat chu hnutchhiahin a awm ang,”a ti a.
Luka 23:17 Kut niah chuan mi pakhat anmahni a chhuahsak ngei tur a ni si a.

Johana 5:4 Dilah chuan vantirhkoh a zuk kal thin a, tui a tifawn thin; tichuan tui a lo fawn huna zuang lut hmasa ber chu eng natna a na pawh ni se, a lo dam thin a ni.

Tirhkohte 8:37 “Tin, Philipa chuan, ‘I thinlung zawng zawnga i rin chuan, i chang thei e’ a ti a. Tin, ani chuan, ‘Isua Krista chu Pathian fapa a nih ka ring,’ a ti a, a chhang a,”
Tirhkohte 15:34 “Nimahsela Sila chuan chuta la awm rih chu thain a hria a,”
Tirhkohte 24:7 “I dan anga a chungthu relsak kan tum a ni a: mahse sipai hotu lal ber Lusia a lo kal a, kan kut ata min lak luihsak a, amah hektute i hmaa lokal turin thu a pe ta a ni”
Tirhkohte 28:29 Chung thu a sawi zawh chuan Juda te chu nasa taka anmahni leh anmahni inhnialin an tin ta a.

(NB: Khing zawng zawng paihna khi "Bible rintlak ber" zuk ti a maw le!!!!!)